MeasuringOrganizationInnovativeness

Measuring innovation is an important issue, as business growth and profitability in the knowledge age depend on innovation. Continual acceleration in innovation will sustain revenue growth, which will then fuel more innovation. Therefore, sustainable growth requires sustainable innovation, which requires that innovation be institutionalized and its output made predictable. Sound policy analysis and decision-making also requires credible, timely and relevant measurements as well. Measuring innovation has been studied extensively by scholars and practitioners.There is even an merging â€Å"innovation economics† susceptible that explores the complex relationship between investments in innovation and financial outcomes. At the practitioner end, leading consultancies-?Boston Consulting Group, McKinney & Company, and Bozo Allen Hamilton, to name just a few-?examine innovation and ways to nurture it within firms and other organizations. 3 Purpose of the study This study aims to provi de an overview on how to measure/ assess innovation capability of an organization.The main objective is to enrich our understanding of the innovation process; with an intention to come up with n integrated, convenient, effective, and accurate measure for innovativeness in Egyptian CIT organizations. Our approach for the intended measure would be to focus on a few high impact dimensions, rather than attempting a shotgun approach along many dimensions at once, with significant implications for innovation portfolio strategy. 4 Why the need for Innovation measures (rational)?Assist companies in understanding their current innovation practices/ capabilities, and clarifies where the organization needs to focus to maximize innovation success. Assist TIES to tailor programs to address areas of weakness in order to enhance innovation process capabilities for Egyptian CIT organization as well as advocate policy makers with polices that promote the innovation. Identifies areas of strength to c apitalize on, and identifies opportunities for increasing innovation. Assist TIES to identify and control the barriers that stifle creativity and innovation.Developing Firm-level Innovativeness Index for the sector companies. Benchmarking Egyptian organization with international top innovative companies. Spreading the awareness of the importance of innovation concept and fostering the innovation culture in the organization Methodology 1. Literature review on Innovation process models and measurement frameworks Diamond model Innovation Funnel Innovation Value Chain – VIC ( Hansen and Bikini's Innovation Value Chain, 2007) OSLO Manual Innovation measurement Framework 2. Literature review for some innovation metrics/ innovation audit white papers/ working papers and grey literature. . Investigating some top firm-level innovation indexes, and their corresponding methodologies as well as reviewing different innovation audit/ management tools, studying different innovation dimensio ns of focus, and analysis techniques such as: I-Innocent Ion-Biz assessment Improve -Europe Minivan Innovation for Growth 4. Review Of some white papers in innovation in developing countries. 6 Innovation definition According to the definition adopted by TIES, Innovation is ‘the introduction of a new product, service, or process through a certain business model into the marketplace, either by utilization or by centralization†.Hence, it encompasses: product innovation, service innovation, Process innovation, and business model innovation, and all contribute to strengthen the competitive advantage of a certain company. This definition respects the fact that innovation is a complex and multidimensional activity that cannot be measured directly or with a single indicator, and hence the need to have a composite measure that reflected the organization innovative capability for the purpose of benchmarking, diagnoses, and supporting building up innovation culture and practices i n Egyptian CIT firms. Innovation Activities definition Innovation activities are all scientific, technological, organizational, financial and commercial Steps which actually, or are intended to, lead to the implementation of innovations. Some innovation activities are themselves innovative, others are not novel activities but are necessary for the implementation of innovations. Innovation activities also include R&D that is not directly related to the development of a specific in innovation (Oslo Manual Ever. 3) . Attributes of Innovation Before discussing innovation measurements, it would be of value to learn about the innovation attributes. Innovation has a number of attributes discussed in the literature (Stone et al. , 2008). The key attributes are summarized below: Attribute 1 . Innovation involves the combination of inputs in the creation of outputs. Something novel is created during innovation. Certain crucial inputs must be available for innovation to occur, and the exact na ture of those inputs differs depending on the desired outputs and outcomes.

Fundamental Economic Problem - 1018 Words

This essay will explain the fundamental economic problem in Hospitality Industry at Restaurant Sector. It will also discuss about the determinant of demand and supply in Restaurants. The central economic problem is scarcity. This problem applies around the world. According to Sloman, Norris Garratt (2010, p.5) â€Å"scarcity is the excess of human wants over what can actually be produced to fulfil these wants†. It means human wants are virtually limited. Every country can only produce limited quantity goods and service. Human demand a lot of things that is very limited to supply. With the factors of production, we can limit the good and service human wants. Labour is a human form contribution that can be restricted in number and skills.†¦show more content†¦Depending on the profit of each area, the manager will decide which area should be extended and will gain more profit. If the restaurant earns more money than the other, the manager will extend the restaurant floor to accommodate more seats for the customer. Third determinant of supply is the profitability of goods in joint supply. It is describe as when one good is created; another good is also created at the same time. For instance, restaurant serves for people having lunch or dinner constantly but also they provide functions room for birthday or engagement party. They can provide range of service at the same time. Fourth determinant of supply is nature, random shock and other unpredictable events. This is can be earthquakes, floods, fire, machinery breakdown etc. that can affect restaurant facilities. This can decrease their supply for the restaurant and services. Fifth determinant of supply is the aims of producers. Profit-maximising manufacturer will supply different quantity from a manufacturer that has different aim, like maximising sales. For example, restaurant A will supply good quantity of food in higher price; restaurant B will supply the same good quantity of food but in reasonable price. Sixth determinant of supply is expectation of future changes. If the prices are expected to increase, the producers may momentary decrease the amount they sell. For example, after Christmas, customer will tend to stay home or visit theirShow MoreRelatedFundamental Problems of Economic System3980 Words   |  16 PagesUNIT 1 – FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1.1 INTRODUCTION In this unit you will get acquainted with the fundamental problems of the economy. The understanding of the concept will help you bring closer to the basic idea of the economy’s problems as well as remedies of such problems. In this unit you will get detailed description of what is an economic system, problems of economic system, factors of production, concept of production possibility curve, and the fundamental of allocation of resourcesRead MoreOrganizational Economics Theory : A Fundamental And Universal Problem Of Organizations784 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Economics Theory Organizational Economics deals with a fundamental and universal problem of organizations: How to induce managers and other employees to act in the best interests of those who control ownership or, in the case of government agencies and nonprofit organizations, those who have the authority to control policy and resource decisions. Also rooted in the second half of the 20th century Organization Economics Theory is concerned with agency theory, behavioral theory,Read MoreWhy Is It so Difficult to Forecast Exchange Rate Movements?1034 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant role for economic and financial stability. It is not difficult to see the exchange rate fluctuations are widely regarded as damaging. As the movements of the exchange rate have significant and large effects on the trade balance, resource allocation, domestic prices, interest rate, national income and other key economic variables. Then can exchange rate movements be predicted by these fundamental economic variables? Economists have long taken the view that economic fundamentals determine exchangeRead MoreUs a Declining Superpower? Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesSuperpower. At the end of World War II, the United States became a superpower. Its strength and status reached another peak in the mid and late 1990s as the Cold War ended: it accounted for about 30 percent of global economic output. However, after it entered a new economic cycle from 2000 to 2001, the American share of the world economy has gradually dropped. At the same time, certain situations, including the â€Å"weakening of advantages compared to other countries,† have appeared in some mainRead MoreSingapore s Future Success As A Nation Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"In the fifty years since 1965, sustained economic growth and the presence of a strong military have successfully built a Singapore nation. These two factors will continue to be fundamental to Singapore’s future success as a nation.† Discuss. In my opinion, Singapore’s success as a nation refers to how Singapore has managed to climb from third world status to first world status today and also how Singapore has managed to handle the continued unrest to maintaining the peace and stability it has todayRead MoreSingapore s Success As A Nation Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesmanaged to handle the continued unrest to maintaining the peace and stability it has today. Hence, I agree to the above statement that the two factors have successfully built a Singapore nation and will continue to be fundamental to Singapore’s future success as a nation. Sustained economic growth has successfully built a Singapore nation as it enables Singapore to have sufficient resources to develop in terms of education, infrastructure, society, health and many others. It also had a major part to playRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt895 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent parts of modern life to show how economic s describes why people act a certain way as well as the way specific outcomes occur. They look into different aspects of society and view them with different perspectives. With the use of specific data and the fundamentals of economics, the very obscure comparisons and the different chapters in the book show correlation between economics and human nature. The main point of this book is to explain a few fundamental ideas through the answers of strange questionsRead MoreThe Main Models of Comparative Politics Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagesnote of the details surrounding particular events with respect to the distinguishing characteristics of the environment (or culture) that contained them; the rationalist model is based on logical explanations and predictions of behavior from the fundamental assumption of rational, self-interested individuals. Each model has benefits and drawbacks, however the rationalist model comes closest to what many would term â€Å"science† in the field that is somewhat controversially labeled â€Å"Political Science†.Read MoreThe Economic Problem Of The Market Economy1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe economic problem faced in the market economy is that there are an unlimited amount of wants with a scarce amount of resources. They only current solution is to make decisions as the desire of satisfying all wants is not possible. Economics is the about the allocation of limited resources in the best possible way in order to satisfy needs (items essential for survival – food and shelter) and wants (not necessities, but provide satisfaction and assist achievement of higher standard of living).Read MoreThe General Purpose Financial Reporting And The Background Of The Iasb Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst paragraph analysis the objective of general purpose financial reporting is the basis foundation of the conceptual framework, and discuss the six qualitative characteristics of the useful financial information which separa te to two main part: fundamental and enhancing. The second paragraph extent the Boral Limited has highly met the disclosure of AASB 116. The third part present the qualitative characteristic align the disclosure of PPE. The final part discusses disclosure of PPE and general purpose

Roald Dahl - 1715 Words

The depression of the 1930’s was a very difficult time. With war suppressing the world and those within it, the impression this era left on society is immense (BBC). Having lived in Europe at this time, the author Roald Dahl reveals the influence which living in this time period has made. This is demonstrated in his stories â€Å"The Wish†, â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† and â€Å"Man from the South†. The significant situations of this era assist in the establishment of a foundation for his work, bringing the dominant sentiments into action within the characters, themes and settings of Dahl’s short stories. When the Second World War ended in Europe, there was a sudden post-war realization that ultimately nothing would ever be the same†¦show more content†¦The recurring conflicts in each of these stories echo the surrounding conflicts within the 1930’s and 1940’s. It was â€Å"a time of financial and economic distress for many† since World War One had just ended, The Great Depression was still enduring, and World War Two was occurring (Willis). Along with the general concept of distress and conflict within society, Dahl’s childhood was also surrounded by conflicts. In his early education he went to a school where â€Å"you could get beaten up for small mistakes† by the headmaster (Howard), and â€Å"senior boys were allowed†¦to wound other boys, and sometimes very severely (BrainyQuote). The misery of his childhood was also impacted by his sister’s and father’s deaths when he was young (Tone and Marte). The angui sh and quarrel present in Dahl’s personal life and society in general, was used as an influence towards Roald Dahl’s stories. The slyness attitudes of Dahl’s protagonists imply the notion of the untrustworthy and deceptively persuasive personalities present in the 1930’s and 1940’s, particularly within the war and education system. The secretive and dishonest nature of the characters is exposed as their story unfolds. For instance, the little boy in â€Å"The Wish† convinces himself that his imagination is an existent reality. He deceives himself into believing that he is really encountering snakes and hot coals which could lead to his death. When he falls shortShow MoreRelatedThe Landlady by Roald Dahl1816 Words   |  8 Pageslandladys secret before she murders the young lad. To create suspense Roald Dahl has set the time at 9pm when darkness takes over light. As dark represents evil the mood changes to an atmosphere of suspense, particularly if youre unfamiliar with the area. This is exactly what happened to Billy and Roald Dahl therefore shows this as part of a beginning of suspense. The weather is an important part of the setting in which Roald Dahl creates a sinister mood. The moon was coming up out of a clear starryRead MoreThe Landlady by Roald Dahl1445 Words   |  6 PagesA short story which has an unexpected ending is ‘The Landlady by Roald Dahl. The writer uses clever structure and effective characterisation to create such a surprising and satisfactory finale. The story is about a young man named Billy Weaver. He is just starting a new job in Bath and, whilst looking for accommodation, he comes across a compelling Bed and Breakfast. He cant walk away from the building and ends us ringing the bell. He barely takes his finger away from the bell when, what appearsRead MoreAnalysis Of Roald Dahl s Dahl 1472 Words   |  6 PagesI use to love reading Roald Dahl when I was a younger, I was surprised to find out that Roald Dahl even wrote short stories for adults. Skin was one of those books for the more mature readers. I would recommend this book for its writing style. â€Å"The model!† cried Drioli. â€Å"Come on, Josie!† He was in a bustle of enthusiasm - now arranging everything, like a child preparing for some exciting game. â€Å"Where will you have her? Where shall she stand? The way Roald Dahl writes allows you to feel the sameRead MoreBoy by Roald Dahl1302 Words   |  5 PagesRoald Dahl uses humour in children books h e writes to manipulate the reader’s perception of events that occur in the books. The book, Boy is an autobiography written by Roald Dahl. It was his first book and it is a combination of real events in his life. Matilda is one of his fictional books that he wrote later on. Dahl uses events that are actually gruesome and quite horrifying and makes them humorous by using sarcasm, hyperboles, short sentences, imagery, similes and juxtapositions (rose96, 2011)Read MoreEssay On Roald Dahl1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthat has written many great books that lots of people still read today. His name is Roald Dahl. Roald Dahl is a famous children’s book author. He has written many fantastic children’s books such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, and Matilda. I believe that Roald Dahl is one of the best children’s book authors because he has lots of creativity and inspiration for his stories. Roald Dahl was born on September 13, 1916, in Llandaff, South Wales. His parents were NorwegianRead MoreEssay on Roald Dahl1435 Words   |  6 Pages | The aim of this essay is to give an outline of Roald Dahl’s life, highlighting the most important moments of his life, to point out his mayor works - specially the ones addressed to children-, and to mention many critics’ opinions of his writing. Roald Dahl was born in Llandaff, Wales on September 13th, 1916. He was the son of Norwegian parents. His father, Harald Dahl, died when Dahl was three. His mother, Sophie Magdalene Hesselberg had to raise him, his threeRead MoreMany From The South By Roald Dahl886 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"Many From The South† written by Roald Dahl is about a bet between an old foreign man and a young American boy. The story takes places at a hotel in Jamaica and is told from a first persons perspective. Throughout the story you never find exactly who the person is that is telling the story but you can see that he is a good man. The genre of the story would be a personal narrative because it is a story being told by a man. The story begins as just a normal story but as it continuesRead More An Essay on The Landlady by Roald Dahl516 Words   |  3 PagesThe Landlady by Roald Dahl In the short story â€Å"The Landlady,† Roald Dahl’s use of foreshadowing prepared readers well for the end of the story. He used hints such as describing the outside of the bed and breakfast, giving details of the entry and the bedroom, and also telling the readers about the living room. To begin, Dahl used the outside of the bed and breakfast as a use of foreshadowing. The sign was described to be distinctive. It was portrayed to be luringRead MoreKurt Vonnegut And Roald Dahl882 Words   |  4 PagesKurt Vonnegut and Roald Dahl are two very unique people. They are often described as quirky, weird, and downright zany. If they were stuck in a crowd, they would easily stand out. Although they are very different from others, they share many similarities with each other. Roald Dahl and Kurt Vonnegut are two divorced, agnostic authors who fought in and survived World War II. First of all, Vonnegut and Dahl both grew up in religious families. However, as most people do, they outgrew some of theirRead More Lamb to the Slaughter By Roald Dahl Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesLamb to the Slaughter By Roald Dahl In Roald Dahl’s short story â€Å"Lamb to the slaughter,† the behaviour of the characters makes us shiver. The story starts off with Mary Maloney‘s husband walking in from work and sitting down in the armchair. She then made him a drink and asked him he was tired. She then asked him if he wanted supper but he said no. later he said he had something important to say and for a few moments she stood shocked. She went to get the supper out any way but when she

Leadership And Communication What Makes An Effective...

Leadership and Communication There is leadership in all of us, although some of us may not realize that we are capable to lead others in some degree. The world has seen its fair share of leaders, both effective and ineffective ones; some had used his leadership in negative lights such as Manuel Noriega, former Panamanian Dictator or positive ones such as that of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Despite their differences, both leaders were very effective in their crafts. One may ask â€Å"What make an effective leader?† In my opinion, communication is the key. In order for leaders to succeed, they should be able to strategically communicate to their audiences. Strategic Communication Strategic communication is defined as â€Å"communication aligned with the company’s overall strategy, to enhance its strategic positioning.† (Argenti, Howell, Beck, 2005) The definition of strategic communication is fairly broad and seems to be organization oriented. While the success and prosperity may be the goals for most institutions; one must not forget that leaders lead people, not a room full of objects. Communication is very important to every leader however, it is not as simple as telling a subordinate to go on this mission or finish this task. A good leader must have a blueprint and possess the ability to implement such communication strategically. There are many elements in strategic communications and they are all equally important. Listening Every leader must learn to listen; it may appear to beShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is A Part Of Everyday Life Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pages Communication and Leadership Melissa Stevens ORG 300-5 Applying Leadership Principles Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli September 29, 2016 Communication is a part of everyday life. Not only is it present in our personal lives, but in the workplace as well. Communication is an essential skill that we cannot avoid, and should be perfected as a goal in improving your leadership efficiency. When in a leadership role, the leader must influence others effectively. Being anRead MoreLeadership And Communication : An Effective Leader1305 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Communication For decade’s individuals, companies, and organizations have spent an unprecedented amount of money on researching, molding, modeling and working to define what a leader is and what characteristics make successful leaders. With all the research, there is not a quick answer or even full agreement as to what makes an individual an effective leader. Although, in a majority of the research a common theme is occurring: communication. COMMUNICATION Communication. Easy,Read MoreLack Of Strong Communication Skills1533 Words   |  7 Pages Strong communication skills are necessary in order to coordinate daily operations which may require multiple people participating in the care of a patient. Evidence has shown that a lack of strong communication has led to negative patient outcomes and financial losses for the institution. Effective communication will help deliver the plan and staff members will know exactly what is expected off them versus trying to figure it out on their own. Good communication will also help to prevent errorsRead MoreWhat Makes A Effective Leader? Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesI. What is Leadership? â€Å"At times of change or dealing with uncertainty or in a crisis-- that is when the best leader will shine† (Ellis, 2016). A leader who can work effectively in a complicated, unpredictable situation is a competent leader and he tirelessly works to improve his capabilities (Ledlow Coppola, 2010). All great leaders are known for communicating effectively what they want to achieve. They are visionaries who have the ability to lead others toward a shared goal (Gibson Weber,Read MoreLeadership : A Nurse Manager Of The Telemetry Floor At The Hospital1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Leadership is an important part of almost all profession. It is no surprise that the role of nursing profession evolving, with that evolution, leadership is becoming more and more important. Leadership establishes an environment that foster personal and professional growth. Nursing is a profession that put huge emphasis on leadership skills. Leadership is such an essential part of our health care system, which can greatly impact the quality, accessibility and affordability of healthRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader?1507 Words   |  7 PagesAt its simplest definition, a leader is someone who leads other people. But what makes someone a leader? How come some people are leaders and some people are not? How can someone become a leader? Before we can examine what makes a good leader, we have to understand what is the meaning of leadership. Leadership is a topic that has interested historians and philosophers since ancient times. Introducing the expression â€Å"managers are people who do things right, and leaders are people who do the right thing†Read MoreMilitary Leadership And Communication During The Middle East1277 Words   |  6 PagesMilitary Leadership and Communication From the Hot Gates at Thermopylae to the beaches of Normandy, the walls of Troy to the sand boxes in the Middle East, as far back as history goes men and countries have assembled groups of their elite to fight for the ideals of nations and their people. But like all cadres they require leaders. They are leaders not only of vision to see the big picture in battle, but also possess the skill and aptitude to communicate clearly to their troops. It is this abilityRead MoreCommunication Is An Essential Skill For Effective Leadership866 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is an essential skill for effective leadership. It is a skill that many leaders possess but might not know how to effectively use in the workplace. They may not be skilled in dealing with a diverse group of employees in terms of age, and they might not be diverse in their own style of communication. Leaders might even need to possess different skills to be effective global leaders which would require a vast knowledge into different cultures and their communication styles. It can seemRead MoreLeadership Communication Case Study Analysis1043 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Communication Case Study Analysis Communication is an essential skill for effective leadership that numerous people possess but might not know how to use correctly and fully. Leaders of today can put in effect new techniques, such as transformational leadership, and see how they bring changes in their staff and their work. The diversity in the staff of today’s workplace calls for a change in the way we communicate and the way leaders get along with staff and how staff see’s their leadersRead MoreCommunication: An Integral Component of Organizational Leadership1585 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The concept of communication is an integral component of organizational leadership (Hackman Johnson, 2009).Pohrte (2010) noted that people in leadership position must learn take the responsibility of discharging effective communication when dealing with other people. In this paper, we perform an in-depth analysis of the communication issues that affect the everyday leadership of our organizations. The importance of communications in leadership A literature review indicates that

Business Process Planning and Design †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Process Planning and Design. Answer: When a product is being designed, the initial considerations involves assessing the ability of the company to produce the product. The essential technology, processes, and machines needed for production are arrived at and compared to similar existing resources in the company. If the firm has the capacity to proceed with production, the next step involves designing the product. Upon the completion of the final product design, process planning and process design follows. Once, the process planning has been established, specific machinery and processing time requirements are determined. The assessment of the processing time requirements is based on the available capacity of the firm to acquire new machines and other crucial resources before deciding whether to produce a product or not. From the analysis of the above paragraph, it is clear that both process planning and design planning should go in unison for the successful production process. Process planning involves planning for the conversion processes needed to transform inputs into final products. Process planning covers the whole production process. Therefore, process planning encompasses outlining manufacturing operations that are performed at different phases of production to achieve product design of the anticipated output. Process planning comprises of the two major components namely process design and operational design. Both parts provide crucial information to determine what kind of the machine and other resources that will be needed to manufacture a new product. Process design outlines the whole sequence of operations needed to obtain product specifications. This sequence of operations is determined by; the material used, nature of the product, the number of quantities to be produced and the current physical layout of the manufacturing plant. On the other side, operation design involves evaluating individual manufacturing operations design. Operations design compares human resources input to the machine input in the transformation of output into the finished product during production process. The understating of operation design helps the manufacturer to determine human resource hours and machine hours in every single unit of produced. Process planning and design are vital steps in operations management. Process planning is the aspect of operations management that determines the parameters to be used. These parameters primarily comprise of the machines that can perform the planned processes and convert them from their initial to the predetermined final form. The predetermined form is what forms up the design. Therefore, for the process planning to be executed effectively, process design must be predetermined. This helps to align process planning with the anticipated process design. On a different perspective, process planning can be defined as a process of planning for production that leads to the realization of final product according to the product design. Product design or specification usually describes the product features, tolerances and how different components of the operations work. In fact, it describes the final product in depth. In operation management, product design is very crucial because the company may want to use another manufacturing company to help produce certain parts of the product. If the contracted company is not provided with the product design, it may result in delays, confusion, and extra costs. Besides, product design is also important even when the company wants to carry the entire production in its manufacturing facility. Process planning marks the beginning production process. It is the step of production that involves assembling, partial designing, production quantity and due date when the product should be completed. The producer uses the above aspects to decide fixtures, tools, machines and time which each production stage will consume. Production planning and resource scheduling are based on the information obtained from process planning. Therefore, it is indisputable that process planning and design is one of the critical steps that should be observed with care during the manufacturing process. How the whole production process run, depends on how manufacturer has taken care of process planning and process design. Production planning and scheduling will rely on process planning. If the process planning is not comprehensive enough, then both production planning and scheduling are deemed to fail. Production planning and scheduling are very crucial steps in the manufacturing process. This is because production involves the production of multiple productions and at the same time resources allocation must be done correctly to increase output. If the process planning is not good enough then, there is a high probability that both production planning and scheduling will fail. This may force the company to incur unplanned and extra costs. Process planning largely dwells on establishing how different components will be interrelated to integrate different parts of the product to be produced. This process entails establishing which machines to use and the order to be followed to ensure all the aspects are included in the product. For the process planning to be efficient and effective, it calls for cooperation of production engineers and other experts to make sure that strategic decisions and extensive analysis of the production are carried out. This approach assists the producer to plan for the production by ensuring that every single component of the production is put into consideration. Usually, process plan is viewed as a link between manufacturing stages and product design. Process planning is based on the number of the components to be integrated into the manufacturing stages, and the number of planned products. As manufacturing components and the number of the products to produce increases, process planning becomes more important. To make a good process planning it is always advisable to produce small quantities of the products before the actual production. Once this is done, the manufacturer can use the produced products as the sample of perfecting and building on the strong process planning. The perfection and building process will involve checking and rechecking all production components to make sure they are appropriate. However, it may be difficult to apply this technique when production is done in large quantities. This technique helps the manufacturer to make sure products are within the acceptable tolerances. In case of many quantities to be produced, the manufacturer can opt for checking components at a given sequence. For example, the manufa cturer can decide to be checking components after every hundred or more products produced.

The other side of the bridge Essay Example

The other side of the bridge Paper The Lunette received a telegram stating Eric and Gunter had been They found out later that Carl was missing but had been found dead. This was very hard for Arthur to hear about his friends because they were out there fighting for their country while he stayed in Straus. It was difficult for Arthur to carry on knowing his three friends would never return home. Another one of Arthur friends, Ted Hatchet who fought in the war as well returned home safe but was badly injured. Ted committed seclude shortly after returning home from Straus on Ted Hatchet had shot himself (314). This was another loss off friend for Arthur. Ted and Arthur had grown close and he made many visits to Ted. When Ted passed away this brought back the memories of loosing his other friends, Tees death also helped Arthur look at things and life In a new perspective. A huge loss In Arthur life was when his father was killed In a tractor accident. This came as a shock to the whole family especially Arthur As for Arthur, he had no words (193). He had lost his father but also his friend. They became closer while working on the fields together and were similar In many ways. We will write a custom essay sample on The other side of the bridge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The other side of the bridge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The other side of the bridge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This put a lot of pressure on Arthur having to take on running two farms on his own. Arthur father was the only other person who stood up and believed in Arthur. He also saw through Jake just like Arthur did. He lost a part of himself when his father passed. The Christopher family experienced a different type of loss caused by divorce. Nans mom ran off with his geography teacher because she fell out of love with Nans father. Ian asked his mother If I wont go will you go anyways? (66). At that moment Ian felt abandoned by his mother because she chose someone else Instead of him. He missed having her there everyday taking care of the family. After she left Ian experienced emptiness In his life, in the house and with his father. Nans father had become depressed about the absence of his wife. His wife left him which took him by surprise. It took him awhile to get over the loss but he used his worktop distract him from his new home life. He blamed himself . .. Let Is my fault really (95). He didnt know how to carry on with his new life with Just him and Ian. Nans mom experienced 1 OFF a great loss as well . Seen lost near son Ana near unsound. En let Straus on ten wrong tot on Nans mom was trying to say goodbye before leaving to Toronto, Darling how can I go if you wont say goodbye? (69). She had to live with that everyday. She even tried calling Ian and writing him letters but she was shut out of his life. She had a new life that Ian wasnt a part of. Laura Dunn experienced the loss of many loved ones. When Carter died it was a hard loss for Laura. She was the re when it happened and she saw the whole thing on it describes His body somersaulted right over the top of the car (344). Not only was Carter her first born child but he was Sakes child as well. Carter was the only connection she had left to Jake. Laura also lost Jake when he left Straus without an explanation only a note saying Sorry to go without saying goodbye. Love Jake (317). Laura was head over heels in love with Jake and he left her without a proper goodbye. She gave everything to Jake which lead to her pregnancy with Carter. She was all alone with a baby on the way and a broken heart. She had no one in Straus and didnt know anyone except for Arthur. Arthur was the greatest loss for Laura. Laura hated the fact that Arthur wasnt sure that her love towards him was real or if he still loved Jake. Laura said l want you to know,now, while Arthur is still here, that I love him. And I loved him then (350). Laura wanted Arthur to understand that he meant more to her then he could ever imagine and that she loved him the way he had always loved her. The characters deal with loss in the book Theorem Side Of The Bridge that effect them mentally and emotionally. With the loss of Arthur friends who fought in the war and his father, the impact of a divorce in the Christopher family and all the loss of loved ones close to Laura, the characters learn to cope and carry on with their lives.

Free Essays on Native American History

can obscure meaning, which leads to misunderstanding and misinformation. Written documents are valuable, but are not always to be trusted. They do not convey the truth of things only what the author wants you to believe happened. In this way the Native Americans perceive the spoken word to ... Free Essays on Native American History Free Essays on Native American History History is the study of life; it does not live within written facts of time and events. It lives within our experiences, our spirit, and it also comes from the perceptions of our peoples. It does not need to be written down to be valid. The Native Americans experience history through a great oral tradition. Generation to generation stories of Native American culture and history is told by the older and wiser to the young. Laguna Pueblo Author Leslie Marmon Silko states, â€Å"Through the stories we hear who we are.† Is this not history? Collective memories through successive generations can maintain and transmit an entire culture. The Native Americans have a spiritual history as well. It is similar to both the Christian history and the Islamic history. The Christian faith and Islamic faith is based on stories that were eventually written down in the form of the Bible and the Koran. The Native American faith is similar to both as it was created by stories also, yet not written down. Does this make it any less valid? The Christians believe in God. The Islamic believe in Allah. The Native Americans Believe in the â€Å"Breath Giver.† Since they are all stories similar in nature, to discount any one would make the others invalid as well. So if we accept the Bible and the Koran to be histories of a sort, then we have to accept the stories of the Native American to be histories of their own. Perception is also a key to understanding history. The Europeans perceive that written history is more reliable than the spoken word. However, the Native Americans perceive words to be highly valued when spoken from the heart, for written words can obscure meaning, which leads to misunderstanding and misinformation. Written documents are valuable, but are not always to be trusted. They do not convey the truth of things only what the author wants you to believe happened. In this way the Native Americans perceive the spoken word to ...