Critically Discuss Standing in Actions for Annulment and the Dissertation

Critically Discuss Standing in Actions for Annulment and the Development of Legal Protection in EU Courts - Article 263-267 Trea - Dissertation ExampleThe analysis this paper presents does not imply a conclusive rejoinder to the debate on standing under Article 263 TFEU. Rather, it attempts to approach the discussion through a different angle. Chapter 3 Direct Concern Technically, the narrow and restrictive approach to direct concern by the Court of Justice limits the success of the applicants. Additionally, if the applicant can show that the measure of personal concern, they are still required to demonstrate that the decision is of direct concern. For instance, the applicant can only establish direct concern in relation to a measure if it was maintained by ECJ that the measure directly affects the applicants legal situation and discloses its addressees charged with the task of implementing it. Other restrictions include, even though the applicant can establish direct concern, it mu st be dependent on whether the action that affects the applicant was with discretion of the Member State (Usher, 2005). On the other hand, citizens can only challenge decisions that are only addressed to them, and even though addressed to them, it must have a direct impact on them. The Court of Justice views this to be the case if a person is clearly unnatural in a distinct way in a way that affects him with the UE undertakings or other individuals. Ultimately, it can be argued that the Member States may face a major barrier from their role of taking all suitable measures to ensure the fulfillment of the objectives or obligations of the EU as they face major opposition from the citizens who compass the union as being super-state and inaccessible. The restrictive nature inhibits the Member States from facilitating the achievement of the Unions objectives (Abaquense de Parfouru, 2007). Firstly, the fire parties cannot start direction actions by any interested party other than the E U institutions or member states in pending cases before the Court of Justice as such. This is discernible through a subroutine where only that party that can demonstrate direct or indirect interest that determine the outcome of the case. In this case, the intervener is restricted from supporting the conclusions of one of the parties, and in that case cannot raise new ground to on which either of the parties has used. This recalls the case in Stichting Greenpeace Council (Greenpeace International) v. Commission, where Fisherman, farmers and environmental groups wished to challenge a decision by the commission, to grant fiscal assistance to the European Regional Development Fund, to construct new power stations on the Canary Islands. Stichting Greenpeace illustrates that even those who may suffer from hazards resulting from an activity will not have standing if the activity poses a threat to an entire population rather than specific parts of it. A similar conclusion was reached in Da nielson concerning the equivalent of Article 263 in Euratom. Initially, where the application an abstract terminology test found that the measure used was without doubt a regulation, the court would stop the transactions then. However, in current jurisprudence, it appears the European Union Court of Justice (EUCJ) is showing willingness to recognize that some regulations have the potential to cause direct and individual concern. Accordingly, a plaintiff must have enough locus standi to take legal action. Such as in the case of Codorniu SA V Council (Case C-309/89 1994 ECR

A selectively membrane means that the cell membrane can only control over certain things Essay Example for Free

A selectively membrane means that the cell membrane can plainly control over veritable things EssayOsmosis is the spreading of water through a selectively permeable membrane. A selectively membrane means that the cell membrane can only control over certain things that come in and out through the membrane. A membrane is just the structure surrounding the cell. Throughout osmosis, the cell could every get larger, or smaller. If the cell gets larger it means that it was identify into a hypotonic solution, and result to the cell exploding. If the cell gets smaller, it means it was put in a hypotonic solution. If nothing happens to the cell, that means it was put in an isotonic solution. Once a cell starts to get smaller, it will shrivel. The leaving between osmosis and diffusion is that diffusion is the knead by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.Methods To test, and see the difference between osmosis and diffusion, my group and I conducted three variant labs. The first lab we had completed was one where you put an Elodea leaf under the microscope. As step one we put it on a microscope slide, put a few drops of water on top of it, and observed it under the microscope. As step 2, we put a few drops of coarsenessed water on the leaf, and observed it underneath the microscope. Then we compared the differences in the leaf before and after. After looking at the two different images, it was clear that osmosis had taken place. The leaf in the salt water had become more shriveled you could also see it a lot better, obvious that something had taken place.The second lab that we had do refer carrots, and took three days to complete. We first got two cups and filled them halfway with water, in one of them we out one tablespoon of salt. After labeling the salted cup, we then took two carrots. On each carrot we tied a piece of string to it, and soaking each of them in the water. Before we could put either of th e carrots into a cup, we exposit the textures of them. We then put Carrot 1 into the water, while Carrot B went into the salted water. After about three days, we went back and got the carrots out of the water.Some of the observations we had detect was that Carrot 1 had gotten sturdier, practically harder. Carrot 2 on the other hand had gotten rough spots, and pretty bendy overall. Both of the carrots had gotten bigger. K nowadaysing that osmosis had taken place, the task was now to figure out if it was hypertonic, or hypotonic. Knowing that Carrot 1 had gotten bigger, and much firmer, we knew that hypotonic osmosis had taken place. Since Carrot 2 was supposed to get smaller, we assumed that hypertonic osmosis had taken place, because the carrot was supposed to shrink and get smaller, meaning that the salt wouldve pulled out the natural waters in Carrot 2.The triplet lab we had done we tested the amount of glucose that would have diffused out of the baggie. First we took a graduat ed cylinder and poured 15ml of prepared glucose into it. Next we took a dialysis tube that had been soaking in water and tied a knot in one end. With the unknotted end, we carefully poured the 15ml of glucose in.After tying a knot in the open end, noting the colorationing of the bag, determine if glucose was present in the tube using an indicator strip and seeing that there wasnt both we went ahead and put 250 ml of distilled water along with one ml of potassium iodide (IKI) and the dialysis bag into our beaker. Once we had noted that inside of the dialysis bag it was clear, the beaker was brown because of the IKI, and that there was glucose inside of the dialysis bag, but not the beaker, we were ready to keep back 30 minutes to move onto the next set of steps.After the long 30 minutes, we removed the dialysis bag from the beaker. Next we recorded data from the dialysis bag which was sugar, and glucose present. The color went from clear to a light blue, and there was still glucos e present. The data from the beaker had also changed, the color had stayed the same, but the glucose present had changed, because in the beginning the beaker didnt have any glucose, but now the distilled water had some. We knew that the glucose from the dialysis bag, had come out and into the beaker, and we knew that it had to be through diffusion because it wasnt just water in the beaker.Results In doing these three labs, we had well-educated the difference between osmosis and diffusion and we had also learned some very important vocabulary. For our first lab we had done, with the leaf, we had learned that osmosis had taken place, and because of osmosis, the leaf had expanded a lot. The leaf became more visible underneath the microscope, but with the naked eye, it had become a lot smaller, and shriveled. In this lab hypertonic osmosis had taken place, because the salt from the salt water had brought the natural waters out of the leaf, and before you knew it the leaf under the micr oscope was much smaller. In our second lab we had discovered that both of the carrots went through a phase of osmosis. Carrot 1 had gone through hypotonic osmosis, where the water goes through the cell membrane.The water moves from the outside in, which explains why the carrot was bigger, and why it was much more firm than Carrot 2 which had gone through hypertonic osmosis, meaning that the salt in the cup/beaker had gone through the cell membrane, and fundamentally roiled up the natural water in the carrot, and transferring it into the water inside the cup causing for the carrot to be shriveled up and smaller. In our third lab, we had saw diffusion for the first time. It is almost just like osmosis, except osmosis is only water and salts, and sugars. In this lab we had used potassium iodide in the water, do it not only water. The experiment had gone well, and we got the results we had wanted.The thin dialysis bag had a certain amount of sugar in it, while the beaker it was laying in had utterly none. In the end, the beaker had shown a significant amount of sugar in it, and because the potassium iodide could not pass through the dialysis bag, the sugar went ahead and came out of the bag, making the process of diffusion complete. Discussion All three of these labs worked out, and ended pretty well except our second lab, the carrot lab.Our data had shown that the weight after being soaked for three days of the carrots werent any different, they had both gained weight. But that had made no sense to us because the carrot that was in the salt water shouldve shrunk and not gained weight. Some of the errors that couldve gone wrong were that we may not have put enough salt in the cup for anything to actually take place. But because we had cognize what was supposed to happen, we had an idea of what actually happen, and the fact that the characteristics of everything of a shrunken cell had taken place, besides the fact that the carrot had gained a little bit of weig ht. References laboratory Worksheets.Crazy CarrotsCellular Transport VocabularyAP Bio Lab 1 Osmosis and Diffusion Lab ActivityElodea Leaf LabAcknowledgements Thank you Miss. Pagano for teaching me the difference between osmosis and diffusion and for writing up these labs to help my classmates and I understand it better and much easier

Resourcing talent Essay Example for Free

Resourcing talent EssayThe aims and objectives of this report be to identify factors affecting an organizations show up to attracting talent explain the benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse men describe factors affecting organizational get down to enlisting and alternative give examples of enlisting and selection methods explain the purpose of induction and give a hear induction plan 2. ATRACTING TALENT 2. 1. 4 FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN ORGANISATIONS APPROACH TO ATTRACTING TALENT An organisations ability to attract talent from orthogonal aims on how potential applicants view the company, the sector in which it operates and its culture. This is why BRAND IDENTITY seems to be one of the most important factors influencing an organisations approach to attracting talent. The top- nonch candidates provide always ask whats in this for me? Unless a wrinkle is a brand new start-up, theyre likely to have an existing written report as an employer whether this is intenti onal or not. Given that potential new employees open decisions about joining based on this impression, it pays to define a outline to make sure the right (and real) messages atomic number 18 be heard. (http//www. pageexecutive.com/insights/talent-attraction-through-employer-branding). hands PLANNING which is company likely needs for talent is another very important factor. An organisations approach to attracting talent is determined by its workforce planning (WFP). This means predicting organisation workforce requirements by taking into account existing skills, training and development, retention, go progression, staff turnover, external factors like economic climate, demographics, working patterns, and most importantly the demand and supply in labour market.Organisations need to have strategic approach to attracting talent and need to understand the importance of investment in human capital. Talent strategy must be as close to corporate strategy as possible. SIZE OF ORGANIZA TION A small organization cannot have same staffing practices which a large organization may have it may not be able to attract highly talented staff. Even if it tries to do so it may increase the staffing cost. TYPE OF TALENT THE ORGANISATION IS LOOKING FOR is a very important factor in organisations approach to attracting potential employees.For example the level of staff required will determine the recruitment pool, low level team members will be easy to find locally whilst to find a senior theater director or a theater director a company may have to resource internationally. Other factors influencing a companys talent management are type of product/ function the company is delivering, recruitment tools/methods available, the labour market, national as well as international, legal factors, socio-culture factors or political influences. 2. 2. CIPD orientate OF VIEW ON TALENT caution HR professionals have a very important role in talent management.They have to understand the 4 areas of talent management which are attracting, developing, managing and evaluating talent. In the current uncertain economic climate strategic approach to talent management is even more important than ever before. 3. A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 3. 1. 3 ORGANISATION BENEFITS OF ATRACTING AND RETAINING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE Diversity is the art of thinking independently together Publisher Malcolm Forbes People need to be hard-boiled differently in ways that are fair and tailored to their needs but in ways that are aligned to business needs and objectives (The business case for sort).thither are many advantages of a diverse workforce WIDENS THE RECRUITMENT POOL ACAS points out that the working generation is getting older thus people from different cultural ethnic backgrounds are entering the workforce. REDUCES LABOUR TURNOVER looking at the UK labour market in the last 10 years, foreign workers are more motivated to work for lower salaries than people living permanently in the UK. They tend to stay in a clientele for long mainly due to their financial commitment to families living abroad. GIVES GOOD CORPORATE REPUTATION and this helps to attract talent.Organizations with high level of diverse workforce are valued by many people e. g. large supermarkets by having a diverse workforce on the shop floor help international customers to pass away with staff in their own languages. Other benefits of a diverse workforce include its a key to fostering new ways of thinking, opens up a wealth of possibilities and helps to encourage creativity and foster innovation, gives bias-free people policies and working practices, helps to develop new products and practices, opens up new markets and provides due diligence against secernment claims. 3. 2. CIPD POINT OF VIEW ON DIVERSE WORKFORCE Recognizing and valuing diversity is crucial to good people management practice. HR practitioners have important role in creating inclusive workplace. CIPD advises to companies to go beyond lega l compliance with anti-discrimination laws and create diversity strategy or they will become less attractive to potential employees. Company diversity strategy needs to support business objectives and strategies. 4. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION 4. 1. 3 FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN ORGANISATIONS APPROACH TO RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONRecruitment and selection is the process of having the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It should be affected by current needs as well as future plans (see workforce planning, page 3). One of the factors that can affect an organizations approach to recruitment and selection is the EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES LEGISLATION. Companies should ensure that they take account of par and diversity at all times. Organizations should monitor whole recruitment processes continuously to ensure their validity, and that they are non-discriminatory.Advice and guidance is provided by Equality and Human Rights Commission, for example wider advertising, fictile working hours arrangements or child care vouchers for employees. THE SIZE OF THE COMPANY AND RESOURCES AVAILABLE small companies will have to use different recruitment and selection methods that the large ones. The infrastructure and finance will determine if its a newspaper advert or TV campaign, for example Join the Army Campaign being used to recruit candidates. Also a small organisation will not be able to use assessment centres or psychometric interrogation due to low budget available.SUPPLY AND DEMAND The availability of manpower both within and outside the organization is an important determinant in the recruitment process. If the company has a demand for more professionals and there is limited supply in the market for the professionals demanded by the company, then the company will have to depend upon internal sources by providing them special training and development programs. Other factors include costs, recruitment indemnity or unemployment rate. 4. 2. 3 DIFFERENT RECRUITMENT METHODSThere are many recruitment methods available on the market including advertising, mental representation, website, word of mouth, newspaper, posters, milk round, internships, head hunters, recommend a friend scheme, social media Facebook, LinkedIn, job centre, etc. For the purpose of this exercise I will describe 3 methods in a table to a lower place RECRUITMENT METHOD BENEFITS OTHER COMMENTS Advertising on the website Cost effective Creates employers branding Easily accessible Gives understanding of organizations culture Broad recruitment poolHR managers are actively involved in recruitment and selection Recruitment agency Time effective Efficient Broadens the recruitment pool High standard UK eligibility and CRB checks through Is used to hire management level employees, mainly by larger organizations Recommend a friend scheme Its less expensive than agency It comes with a recommendation of someone we already trust Used to employ all levels staff from waiters and chefs to senior management There is a risk of discrimination claim Source Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 4. 3. 3 SELECTION METHODSThere are many selection methods, including assessment centres, speed networking, psychometric testing, daily trail role practice, competence based interviews, telephone interviews/screening, group interviews/exercises or occupational tests. For the purpose of this exercise I will describe 3 methods in a table below SELECTION METHOD BENEFITS OTHER COMMENTS Assessment centre Creates employers branding Time effective Its expensive Doesnt give understanding of organizational culture Face to face interview Time effective Efficient Cost effectiveAvailability to see candidates attitude Opportunity for probing ask good preparation Should be done by a trained and experienced interviewer Psychometric tests Gives highly predictive results Improves the efficiency of the recruitment process There is a risk of standardisation Source Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 5. INDUCTION Induction is the process of familiarisation with the organisation and settling into the job (acas. org. uk). 5. 1. PURPOSE OF INDUCTION 1. Social welcome employees imprint valued 2. Introduction to the Companys culture 3. Physical orientation 4.Explanation of employees benefits staff discount and pension scheme. 5. Check of eligibility to work in UK 6. Explanation of house rules staff uniforms, reporting absences, etc. 5. 2. HOW DOES INDUCTION BENEFIT INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANISATIONS Most labour turnover is among new employees, and work efficiency is reached only when afterwards a period of learning and adjusting to the new environment. Induction benefits for individuals are Builds positive attitude of the company Allows quick adjusting, especially for school leavers or people return to the workforce Saves timeThe benefits of induction for an employer are The chance to build on the positive attitude of the new recruit To answer their anxieties about how well they will get on with their co- workers and understand the standards and rules of the organisation Chance to welcome new employees and build on their positive attitude and enthusiasm for their new job An luck to familiarise new members of staff with your organisation To introduce them to their immediate colleagues and other members of the wider workforce Health and safety, equality and discriminationCase study illustrating the result of the lack of an induction process A new employee starts on a Monday, reports to reception and no one knows he is due to start work on that day. He is sent to room 302 where 3 very surprised team members welcome him in a cold way. It transpires that the desk and computer are not ready and he has to share a desk with one of his colleagues. The new starter feels very lost and disappointed. He doesnt know who to ask for help and find out only after going back home and visiting the web site. He contacts HR but the situation isnt resolved until the following workweek.He doesnt think pos itively about his new company and starts regretting quitting his last job. 5. 3. INDUCTION PLAN A copy of an induction plan should be kept by new starter to enable him to follow what is happening and will act as a reminder of anything missed or that needs particular attention. arrange EMPLOYEE START DATE NAME INDUCTION COMPLETION DATE SIGNATURE AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS PERSONAL DOCUMENTATION/ ELIGIBILITY TO WORK IN UK CHECKED outset day HR Take copies P45 First day HR Take copies NIN First day HR Take copies INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY First week Line manager Presentation Whos who HistoryProducts/services/markets Future plans and developments TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT First day HR Written Written basis and conditions issued Contract of employment issued Hours, breaks, method of payment Holidays Clocking on/flexitime/reporting procedures Probationary period Period of notice Sickness nutrition Pension provisions Maternity/paternity/parental leave provisio ns AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICY AND WORKER DEVELOPMENT First week HR literal/Written Equal opportunities policy Training needs and objectives Further education/training policies Performance appraisal Promotion avenuesPolicy/procedures to prevent bullying and torture WORKER/EMPLOYER RELATIONS First week Line manager Verbal Trade union membership Other worker representation Worker communications and consultation Grievance and disciplinary procedure Appeals procedure ORGANISATION RULES First week Mentor/Buddy Verbal/Coffee chew out Smoking policy General behaviour/dress code Telephone calls/emails and use of the internet Canteen/break facilities Cloakroom/toilets/lockers HEALTH AND SAFETY First week sentry go officer E learning Risk assessment extremity procedures AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS Awareness of hazards any particular to type of workSafety rules Emergency procedures Clear gangways, exits Location of exits Reporting of accidents First aid Personal hygiene WELFARE AND WORKER BENEFITS/FACILITIES First month Section supervisor Coffee chat Sports facilities Protective clothing supply, laundry, replacement Transport/parking arrangements Company discounts THE JOB First week Mentor/Buddy Coffee chat Introduction to manager/supervisor Requirements of new job Standards expected Co-workers Supervision and work performance appraisals Source Induction, Appendix 3, acas. org. uk with small changes by Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Commanding heights episode Essay Example for Free

Commanding high school episode EssayCommanding heights The New Rules is the third film in the series and is well-nigh the 21st century economy. PBS sponsored the film under the direction of Michael Sullivan to inform the public about the economic situation. They speak about how the economy adapted to what is today. How the world nationalized third world countries allowing exchange and investment. Episode 3 addresses the current and future problems of a globalized world. Thats the get uping of the film. The film clearly, thoroughly, and excitingly explains this through historic facts and stories told by citizens who lived during the changes. This is not an economics lesson but rather a high dramatic event that relates pots lives. Commanding high shows that it is people who create the ideas, it is people who accept or reject them, it is people who profit or suffer by them. The series travels to the locations where events happened, and in many cases, interviews the people who made them happen, from Bill Clinton to Milton Friedman to workers in various countries. Episode three encompasses that along with globalization and an open forgo market and period of peace and advancement of technologies and ideologic views will happen.A global economy ill introduce a path to peace and prosperity for rich and poor nation alike. The New Rules of the broadside 1992, things looked bad for the U. S. economy Western Europe was assembling into a powerful economic alliance (the European Union) to compete with the States, Japans economy was unstoppable, and the U. S. was in the worst street corner in decades. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a work agreement in the midst of the U. S. , Canada and Mexico that lowered, but did not eliminate, many interchange barriers in the midst of the three countries.In large part, Bush wanted to get NAFTA approved to strengthen the U. S. economy against Japan and Europe. The negotiations for NAFTA began under his t erm. NAFTA became an issue during the 1992 elections. Bush wanted NAFTA coke%, Perot wanted it cancelled, and Clinton wanted NAFTA, but with important amendments added to force Mexico to raise labor and pollution standards so they would get under ones skin to compete on more even primer coat with American workers. Clinton won, and his plan was put into action. The labor unions gave Bill Clinton the support he needed to win.NAFTA led to a huge increase in the amount of business between the three countries. Likewise, each coarse ad significant GDP growth that was directly attributable to the freer lot. The biggest growth was in Mexico, in wealth and employment. The impact on the U. S. was that 400,000 American Jobs were lost to more competitive workers and factories south of the border, American unions sustained major and lasting damage to their political influence and membership, and the gap between rich and poor Americans grew wider.As in previous cases, deregulation and freer trade benefitted a whole economy in aggregate while severely pain a small percentage of people and massively benefitting some companies that are able to take advantage of the new rade policies. In the global economy, annual trade in tangible goods and services is worth $8 trillion while trade in currencies is worth $288 trillion. U. S. workers in both public and private arenas have trillions of dollars invested in work-related retirement portion of American workers pensions is invested overseas.Thus, most American workers are significantly invested in the global economy. After NAFTA, Clinton pursued other important trade liberalization policies across the world. One of his major accomplishments was strengthening the global free market in the aftermath of Communisms collapse. In 1994, Mexico faced political and economic crisis, and the country came to the brink of defaulting omits foreign debt. There was real fear that the country, left to its own devices, could fall into chaos, an d millions of refugees would head north into the U.S. Clinton had crisis meetings with his advisors over the issue and decided to give Mexico a $50 billion loan. It worked to stabilize the country, Mexico repaid the money ahead of schedule, and the U. S. looked like a benevolent actor to the world. However, many critics considered Clintons actions to be a prime example of deterrent example hazard By bailing out the Mexican government, the U. S. was in essence bailing out thousands of private investors who had put money into the country without properly weighing the risks.The bailout signaled the private sector that it could make similarly bad future investment choices without fear since the U. S. would again rescue them. Critics feared this would make sovereign debt crises more likely. Globalization is defined as the free flow of goods, services, capital, and labor across national borders. China has a number of Free Trade Zones, which are small geographic areas in which companies c an build factories to build and export nything with very few restrictions. The Zones are exempt from Chinas otherwise strict business and export laws.Seaports and airports are usually located very closing tour within Free Trade Zones. At long last, Japans economic bubble burst in the 1990s and the country slid into a major fadeout that it never really recovered from. American fears of Japan someday taking over the world economically were quickly and permanently dispelled. In the beginning America was behind Japan and Europe in trading and economic growth, thus NAFTA was created to allow trading between North America. The joined States were now able to trade freely with Canada and Mexico, providing great economic growth for all three countries in North America.When trading borders opened up Tijuana became a massive manufacturer of televisions for the United States, Northern Mexico was able to open up many Jobs giving opportunities to Southern Mexicans. This created an economic boom in North America leading to a gag that would be able to compete with other Countries, because this would allow us to buy cheaper goods. In the end although it hurt American Jobs because Mexicos goods were cheaper, Both Bush and Clinton wanted NAFTA to keep abreast in order to put labor and pollution laws into effect in all the countries involved.

Bajaj Two Wheeler Marketing Analysis

Bajaj Two Wheeler Marketing AnalysisBajaj Auto Limited (BAL) was recognized in 1945, firstlyly launching scooters and three wheel horses a totality in the Indian market. In 1991 its properties of the Indian g everywherenment rule on foreign imports, BALs marketing object the developing of the Indian two wheeler strain from scooters to 2 stroke and 4 stroke cycle per seconds with a robust stress on BAL while studying its strategies. Along with the analysis found that BAL moving into exploitation markets in instruction to outgrowth sales and found a global footmark. According to market report also comprises SWOT study of BAL which will answer it to express an actual marketing policy for the next five years. In adding to SWOT analysis, Bajaj auto limited latest model Pulsar DTS-i 220cc,150 cc ,180cc 135 cc and intermit DTS-i 135 cc degree Celsiuscc increased growth suddenly. Its product quality (maintenance, mileage service) better than any another Hero Honda, TVS motor pr oduct. At sacrifice time ,Bajaj very nice position in two wheeler industry because Its changes model half yearly, yearly. Its also increase market sh atomic number 18. Bajaj discover 100 makes new record -over 10 lakh bike sold in just 15 months.In 2010, Bajaj auto limited launch latest Bajaj go bad 150cc, pulsar 135cc, 220cc model changes in two wheeler market. All the brand comparable with other two wheeler company that its all brand were gave better clean with new technic cheaper price.Table of ContentsCOMPANY HISTORYInspiring Confidence, the tag identify, has constructed up confidence, complete pleasure engineering, not however to national customers but also internationally. recognize just eight periods back in 1926 thru Jamnalal Bajaj, the company has been conferred with Indias major exporter of two-wheeler three-wheeler. In 2004-05, produce sales 196,710 units, a great 26 per cent jump over the previous yearIn 2004-05, Bajaj Auto Ltd. sales have increased about 21 per cent which at most Rs 65.4 billion. Its record in the chronicle of the company. The gross working profit positions at Rs. 9.3 billion, over a record. The profits after tax of the BAL are close to Rs. 7.7 billion, and the pre-tax return on working superior is at an inspiring 80 per cent.The company strength is product excellence, brilliance in engineering and traffic pattern, and its aptitude to pleasure the customers. In November 2004, the Pulsar introduced is continually controlling the scoop out component of the motorcycle market, helping to maintain the market advantage. Discover DTS-i, one more successful bike on Indian roads, is in the value segment of the motorcycle market.It joins a high degree of power with petroleum competence of a 100cc motorcycle.The market turns on high economies of device and on high economies of choice.The requirement for technical expertise is high.Owning a strong supply network is important and is very costly.All these brand the fence high eno ugh to be a warning for new candidatesOBJECTIVEBajaj Limited is to deliver the market requirements of transportation by providing two- wheeler. BAL has been manufacturing the list products to supply to the changing market requirements. Founded on the customer feedback, improvements are being made continuously in the current products. Its wants to be a good market growth in Indian two wheeler Industry. literary works REVIEWMarketing is the management process that identifies, anticipates satisfies customer requirements profitably. (The Chartered Institute of Marketing)Marketing is a social managerial process by which individual groups come what they want and need through creating ,offering and exchanging products of value with others, (kotler, 1991)The marketing mix helps you define the marketing elements for successfully positioning your market offer. One of the stovepipe known models is the quadruplet Ps, which helps you define your marketing options in terms of product, place, price and promotion. Use the model when you are planning a new venture, or evaluating an existing offer, to optimize the extend to with your target market. marketing MIX 4PS MODELPROMOTION ADVERTISINGEarlier tagline Defiantly Male but now its using tagline Distinctly Ahead. It inspires confidence and sends cognitive content of Free Biking. Its association with stunt mania (MTV) helps at targeting youth.Hero Honda is worlds no 1 two wheeler sales company. Advertising by Sorav Ganguly Hirtik Roshan. Hero Honda yearbook STAR SCREEN AWARDS etc.TVS Apache selected Bike of the Year in 2006.Company give a free gifts like electric item, offer price on Diwali, New year any other occasion.SWOT ANALYSISStrengthsHighly knowledgeable managementCompetences of product design development bulkyspread RD focusWide spread distribution networkHigh performance products across all classesHigh export to national sales ratioGreat financial bear networkGreat economics of orbit scaleWeaknessesHasnt employed the extra cash forlongStill has no recognized brand to match numbfish Hondas splendor in customer segmentNot a global player in malice of enormous capacityNot a internationally familiar brand (unlike the JV partner Kawasaki )ThreatsThe struggles catches-up newinnovation in no timeThreat inexpensive of important motorcycle from chinaMargins acquiring embraced from both the directions (price as well as cost)Tata Ace is a thoughtful struggle for the three- wheeler cargo segmentPulsar 135 cc will good competitor to Hero Honda other bike.OpportunitiesDual growth in two -wheeler marketUnused market above 180cc in motorcycleMore maturity and movements towards higher-end motorcyclesThe increasing gearless trendy scooter and scootte marketIncreasing world demand for entry-level motorcycle particularly in emerging markets.BAL is devoted to discouragement of pollution, continual development of environment presentation and obedience with all environmental rule and regulations. They always trust in as long as the customer value for bills and save a special eye upon excellence, security, productivity, cost and distribution.THE INVEITABLE CHANGEBajaj on interior analysis found that it required The practical knowledge to deliver low-down goods.The design knowledge.And the instant incapability to support the attack of competitors.Bajaj to expression for an global partner who could transport in technology and also proposal some radical stages to be factory-made and promoted in India. In Japan, Kawasaki is a world-renowned producer of high presentation bikes. In 1990, Bajaj arrived into a planned tie-up with Kawasaki to improve its product line and gen up-gradation to support long-term plans.This helped the purpose of satisfying the market rivalry for a whereas. From 1996 to 2000, Bajaj capitalized extremely in infrastructure though conshortly developing product design and innovation competences, which is the prime reason behind the lively Bajaj of 21st century. After 2001, Bajaj introduced a swing of products right from entry-level motorbike to the best segment right and since then(prenominal) its wet success all the technique for Bajaj.Previous sector, Bajaj had inspiring performance increasing at a rate of 20%+ when the main producer produced at just 6%. This stands a testament to the numerous significant strategic choices over the previous period.MARKET SEGMENTATIONBRAND POSITIONBajaj Auto is a top company of Bajaj group. Bajaj Auto Limited (BAL) is presently Indias second largest worlds fourth largest two-wheeler and three wheeler producer. The vital ability of Bajaj Auto Ltd is its technology and invention. Both DTS-i (Digital agree Spark Ignition) and DTS-Fi (Digital Twin Spark Fuel Ignition) are technological advances by Bajaj. BAL is also a innovator in product innovation having accessible technologies much(prenominal) as Exhaust TEC (Exhaust Torque expansion Chamber), LED tail lamps, LCD Display, SNS, Spare move (Rear disc b rakes, tube less tyres), Black deform system etc.Similarly, the company also learnt that deviation was another important part of its focus on specialism, with the Discover obviously located for the customer share and the Pulsar as the sporty option. The features, so, had to be high-class for each product in terms of looks and trip while protection profitability.Since Bajaj Autos point of view, the customer and sporty parts are the backbone of Indias motorbike market. And even while it has bikes to proposal from the KTM and Kawasaki firm, these largely continue in the place category as off-road and on-road players infrastanding into incomplete numbers.MARKETING STRETEGIESThe focus of BAL rotten twilight has been on as long as the best models at modest values .Most of the Bajaj models come loaded with the modern landscapes within the price group suitable by the market. BAL has been the innovator in widening competition into as long as newest features in the price section by inform ing the low price bikes. The latest features like twin spark, disk-brakes, anti-skid DTS-I technology and dual suspension, etc. who increase great growth in two wheeler industry.BAL accepted different promotion policies for different models, few of them are deliberated by tableStrategiesModelEngineTechnologyMarketKawasaki 4s champion100ccBajaj first bike launched that time Hero Honda is a great market leader In fuel efficient bike Yamaha is performance bikeBoxer100ccAT/CT/AR three models come in market with good technology.Target rural population price delicate client. Boxer marketed as a worthy for money bike a great mileage. It was in straight struggle to Hero Honda Dawn and Suzuki MX100.Pulsarnew150cc, 180cc,135 cc 220cc, 200cc,DTS-I (digital twin spark ignition), DTS-Fi, Exhaus TEC (Exhaust Torque Expansion Chamber),Self-startPulsar was launched in direct competition to the Hero Hondas CBZ model in 150 cc plus segment. all model was a great success and has already crossed 1 million marks in sales. Pulsar bike achieve very good market growth day by dayPlatina100cc, 125ccDTS-i. Self-startBajaj Platina is a leader in mileage appearances in the 100 cc class The Platina 125cc bike has a well-ordered expression along with a great rev-up and acceleration. writ of executionAlthough the avalanche of motorcycles offered Indian customers a wide variety of models to select from, it also resulted in increased weight on the companies to essence on cost-cuts, technology improvements and up-gradations and fashioning. Their margins came under weight as marketing costs intensified.The companies were compulsory to decrease prices and proposal reductions to live the competition. Moreover, analysts were cynical about the segments ability to uphold the development rate in the years to come. One of the main expectations original the motorbikes rush was that if the market was significantly large and was growth at a constant step, there was room for a profitable being for al l products.In 2001, there were over 30 motorbike products in the market. Though, with the top five brands accounting for more than 60% of the market, only 40% of the market was accessible for all other new products put together. In spite of the launch of more vehicles, the endurance forecasts of many of the individual brands were believed to be slightly unwelcoming.Further, the development in the motorbike segment was dependant on on-going positive market situations. Analysts requested that to withstand this growth rate, the section would have to altogether cannibalize the market for scooters and a significant part of the market for scooters and mopeds.As the fast increasing scooters segment, with high demand from female clienteles, followed by the temperately growing moped segment and the rearrangement in the scooter section thru major national and foreign companies supporting their attendance, it was unlikely that the whole growth in the two-wheeler subdivision would be due to mo torbikes.Forecasters also observed that as the two-wheeler manufacturing had grown gradually for eight years, periods in the product life series would apply to the ground rather, rather than forthcoming and the weakening stage would usually come sometime. There was little difference between the products being launched separately from designing as most companies had presented their four-stroke vehicles. The Indian companies would observe in producing the kind of volumes wanted to endure in the modest motorbike market, remainders to be understood.RECOMMENDATIONFocus on High Margin Products About 50% of the two-wheeler customers buy high class products (products of executive and best segment motorcycles). Limits on these products are higher.BAL should accept a thoughtful strategy of concentrating on executive and best section motorbikes and three-wheelers, and is plummeting its essential on lower-end of motorbikes and scooters section.High margin products-Pulsar, Discover and Avenger . Low margin products Platina, Scooters and Mopeds.Bajaj cumulative competition in the economy section and limited scope from cost saving events, it is believed this strategy of concentrating on higher margin products would allow the company in retentive its operating margins.CONCIUSIONIt has been more than 50 years currently that bikes have been ruling the Indian automobile segment. In 1955, the Indian government wanted durable and dependable motorbikes for its Military and forces to patrol the rough border thoroughfares. The first lot of 350cc Bullet the wonderful motorbike in India of all times, from the Royal Enfield Company of UK were conventional and collected at Chennai. The latest model launched new Pulsar 220cc, 135cc Discover 135cc, 100cc also increase better value in two wheeler markets. Its effect on Bajaj auto business. Rahul Bajaj chairman of Bajaj two wheeler. They change many models that increase company growth. Company CEO S. Sridhar change Forman, mechanical, te chnical staff product quality to improve bike brand. Since then, bikes in India have been prosperous as a two wheelers segment, and Indian bikes ahead on popularity all crossways the world.

How Musical Theatre Has Developed

How Musical Theatre Has DevelopedTo discuss the historical development of musical theatre, this report will present an analysis of Leonard Bernsteins musical westward incline Story. It will demonstrate how the 1961 screen version has been adapted for the stage in the 2009 Broadway revival to suit modern day audiences and envision its reflection through time with the use of ideas and different styles as well as social and economic influences affecting the works.The conflict between the two disturb gangs that is so central to the story could be further interpreted as a conflict between Catholic and Jewish communities, which was Bernsteins intention in the beginning. However, Bernstein seized on the idea that current racial tensions in New York caused by immigrants from Puerto Rico would provide a more powerful story and he undoubtedly dictum that this would also offer him the opportunity to use a range of Latin-American dance rhythms, for he later saidit all sprang to life. I hea rd rhythms and pulses, and nigh of all I could sort of feel the form.(Bernstein, 2009, p.58)Much about West Side Story in that time was impertinently and revolutionary. Instead of the old fashion romance, akin to the earlier musicals, this is a story of bleak despair. Extended dance sequences convey the drama, and in a place of rousing finals, both acts end in murder. Although Shakespeares text is not used, his characters are clearly identifiableThey say Shakespeares plays are timeless because they still speak to the human condition today(Fischbach, 2010)Accordingly Arthur Laurent, condition of the original book, got a second chance at his creation, and turned the 2009 Broadway West Side Story revival into the musical he always wanted to make. The cursory Telegraph foundThere is nothing new about this production of West Side Story aside from the hot young cast and it is a prime example of why new is not always best.(Lalak, 2010)Social constraints of the time prevented certai n usage of language, so some dialogue and lyrics were delivered in Spanish. This make a considerable difference without substantially changing the story. Laurent has given the show a more intimate feeling and made the Puerto Rican Sharks and their girls, more complete as characters. They are frustrated as strangers in their own land, and the use of Spanish immediately evokes their separation from the English-speaking Jets and their girls.The fundamental occupations havent changed much since the start of West Side Story 50 years ago, as we continue to wrestle with new cultures arriving. More importantly, though, this production sets the story of the two gangs and a brief and star-crossed love routine between Maria and Tony as a young persons game. The casting here has made the lovers, both breathtaking in their roles, enormously youthful, which gives us more elated moments.It isnt to be, of course, still from the moment West Side Story begins with the legendary dance prologue thro ugh the neighbourhood, faithfully reproduced by Joey McKneely from the original choreography by Jerome Robbins, the show glows with resonating memories and enchants with brilliant new moments. It plays against a remarkably flexible set by James Youmans, used for maximum effectiveness by director David Saint.the fundamental problem with the show is its depiction of gang violence and the mean streets of New York. as being said in the Mercury News.(Craig, 2010)That was always a signature of West Side Story, even in the 1961 screen version, but still well presented with fantastic dance sequences which were half-danced and half-mimed. This new form of dance became a visual token of a mode of thought. What the characters were feeling and thinking was expressed by their movement and their identities became inseparable from it.However, when the scene was released in 1961 it wasnt the dance which made a big impression, but the social tensions. It showed a fight for urban space, a space th at has already been impregnated with cultural symbols and political significations for the relations, interactions, and social actions according to the American Way of Life. In this sense, the movie projected how the Puerto Rican migration to New York City in the forties and fifties not only took over the order of the Anglo-Americans, but how it also constitutes a threat for the faux monolithic identity of the Anglo-American subject. New York City was shown as a divided territory, economically, racially, and ethnically. Each social-economic group inhabited a space and even neighbourhood bank crossings were avoided.West Side Story is up to date not only because of its lengthy dance numbers, emotionally drenched songs and scores, and a contemporary plot that speaks so much of the place and time where the story took place, but also because we are now in a place and time where social-economic issues continue to prevail in every household and community and where racial discrimination i s still rampant.The new Broadway revival speaks not only of this shows unwavering popularity but also of the timeliness of the content it delivers, a message of love, peace and harmonious co-existence regardless of race and social-economic backgrounds. This message clearly transcends five decades of an ever-changing political, economic, social and cultural landscape and is still applicable up to this day.West Side Story shows how dancing, acting, singing and design could blend together in unity. Whether its an old version of the musical or a new one, we might say thatit marked the most impressive body of choreography in a single show, and it was acclaimed as Leonard Bernsteins strongest work for the Broadway stage.(Garebein, 2000, p.9)

Machiavelli Has Had A Great Influence Politics Essay

Machiavelli Has Had A Great Influence Politics EssayPrinces and governments are far more than dangerous than other elements within society. Niccolo Machiavelli. Machiavelli is known as the father of modern semipolitical thought. He has had an incredibly large exploit on our modern civilization. first Machiavellis opinions on politics and political leaders effected how future political leaders would run their countries. Additionally Machiavelli had a much larger influence on the future of modern westbound civilization in comparison to the renaissance artists of his time. Also his opinion on how the government is run exhibit in his defend The Prince changed they way in which we view how our government is run. moreover Machiavellis innovative writing style made him a noted issuer in the history of western civilization. Machiavellis tactics and style of military influence has played its toll in shaping our world today. Machiavellis influence outshines any other rehabilitation leader.Niccolo Machiavelli was born in the year 1469 in midst of a shifting political time in Italy. The fear and invasion from powerful states such France and Spain threatened the Italian government. black lovage Borgia was elected the pope through bribery and threats. Pope Alexander used the churchs wealth to benefit his own family. Some of the parts of Italy became Republic and others like Venice shake off to dictators. No monarchy was present and no centralized government existed. Each city was like its own separate nation. Italy was struggling to unify itself. Machiavelli served the Borgia family as a political advisor. Machiavelli noticed the infighting among the rivaling Italian city-states but saw the effectiveness in the Borgia family members in maintaining their power. In forming his opinions he developed a treatise known as The Prince. The book was ground upon his ideal Prince. Machiavelli describes his position that the Prince should be the only authority determining different aspects of the state to serve his best interest. These interests should be gaining, maintaining and expanding political power. In his books he is oft very contradictory of himself. He believed that a prince should only serve his own best interest. If a prince cannot be both feared and loved it is better for him to be barely feared. Machiavelli derived his views from the experience of the Caesura Borgia who was the current Prince of Italy during his time and hopped that it would provide a framework for future princes.Some historians may argue that artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci or Michelangelo had a greater influence of modern history then Machiavelli. Although a piece of art can be admired it remains nothing more than a piece of art. An individual whom is able to examine and explain human society and functions such a Machiavelli have much more positive meet on history then a mere artist. Political scientist Max Lerner wrote in the introduction of the 1950s edition o f the Prince that Machiavelli recognized the existence of the power of politic. The Prince is a main piece of evidence that define Machiavelli more influential than any artist to the renaissance period.Machiavellis most well known work The Prince became the best extension to view of how politics works and it remains used by political thinker in the modern world. Sir Francis Bacon once wrote, We are much beholden to Machiavelli and others, that write what men do, and not what they ought to do. This means that Machiavelli wrote about political reality unlike political theories and how the government should be run. Seeing how our political world is run changed how the masses viewed the government. Machiavellis realization allowed the future political theorists of the modern world to evaluate politics. It is unknown whether or not Machiavelli wrote The Prince to gain political appointment or out of a need for self-therapy. Nonetheless he was able to synthesize the traditional with the innovative unlike any other political philosopher of his time.In addition to Machiavellis political theories he is also very innovative in his writing style. A man clearly from the Renaissance Machiavelli clearly left his mark on history as a well-known and studied writer. Firstly his place Mandragola is practically categorized as one of the most well written plays in the Italian language. furthermore he wrote an essay called On Language. The essay includes principles on the science of semantics. This is one of the first written pieces to contain information on this topic. In recent age management theorists have been responsive to the fact that Machiavelli predicted the need for management theorist and also in developing guidelines applicable to deal with conflicts with business executives.Military theorists often reflect Machiavellis innovative warfare tactics and theories. A man of physical action at the age of 29 in 1498, Machiavelli accepted the position in Florence. His pos ition was entrusted with diplomatic missions to local and other European courts. His position required great diplomacy and a substantial amount of understanding of European politics. Furthermore he involved himself in establishing the Florentine Militia. Due to the constant warfare of the shifting nations, while in office Machiavelli handled with military affairs. He had a substantial amount of practical experience with military matters. Frederick Taylor notes that Machiavelli is an important individual in the history of military theories. He notes Machiavelli is the first secular writer to attempt to treat to the practice of arms its place among the collective activities of mankind, to define its aims, and to regard it as a means to an end. His book the Art of War published in 1521 it was the ternary of his major works in time. The book was thought to be technical. His theoretical point of view is dedicated to Lorenzo de Medici. Machiavelli confirms the unity of a countrys civil and military life. Today, hoi polloi who think of only a civil life do not accept this. He states that the military and civil life of a nation is indwelling therefore a necessary moment in history.Some may argue that the Reformation religious leaders such a John Calvin or Martin Luther have a greater influence in history than Machiavelli. Martin Luther remains only a leader of the Reformation era through Roman Catholic or Protestant. Even in his own time John Calvins influence was no comparison to Martin Luther. Catholic leaders spent the reformation reacting to Martin Luther. Luthers influence is not equivalent to Machiavellis. Luthers influence was only concerned to Christianity, which has become less present to financial and political affairs concerning the modern western civilization. The Prince remains today a large influence on the political and financial operations of our modern world.The opinions on politics and political leaders that Machiavelli had would have a substanti al influence on how future political leaders would run their countries. Secondly his influence in comparison to artist of his time is much larger. Additionally as demonstrated in his book The Prince the opinions that he had on how the government is run would alter how governments in the future would be run. Moreover the writing style that he competent gave him a renowned name for himself and would be adapted by future writers. Due to his military experience Machiavellis tactics and style of military presented to make him be a noteworthy individual in modern western civilization. played its toll in shaping our world today. Lastly Machiavellis influence on the reformation would not be match worthy to any other reformation leader..