Automatic Railway Level Crossing free essay sample

Abstract: In the rapidly flourishing country like ours, accidents in the unmanned level crossings are increasing day by day. No fruitful steps have been taken so far in these areas. The objective of our project is to provide an automatic railway gate at a level-crossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper. It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. And secondly, it provides safety to the road users by reducing the accidents. By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of the train is detected by the sensors placed near to the gate and transmits the information to the gate controller via wired or wireless. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates. The operation is automatic i. e. , error due to manual operation is prevented. We will write a custom essay sample on Automatic Railway Level Crossing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of train is detected by the sensor placed on either side of the gate at about 3km from the level crossing. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates and also reduces the human labour. This type of gates can be employed in an unmanned level crossing where the chances of accidents are higher and reliable operation is required. Since, the operation is automatic error due to manual operation will be prevented. Once the arrival of the train is sensed, the sensed signal is sent to the microcontroller via, wired or wireless transmission and it checks for possible presence of vehicle between the gates. Subsequently, buzzer indication and light signals on either side are provided to the road users indicating the closure of gates. Once, no vehicle is sensed in between the gate the motor is activated and the gates are closed. But, for the worst case if any obstacle is sensed it is indicated to the train driver by signals (RED) placed at about 1km, so as to bring it to halt well before the level crossing. When no obstacle is sensed GREEN light is indicated, and the train is to free to move. The departure of the train is detected by sensors placed at about 1km from the ate. The signal about the departure is sent to the microcontroller, which in turn operates the motor in reverse way and opens the gate. Thus, the time for which the gate is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates. Also reliability is high as it is not subjected to manual errors. Components : IR sensors or Vibration sensors, Microcontroller, L293D(driver IC), Stepper motor, Wireless Transmitter and Receiver, power supply. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION Micro Controller Totally 40-pin DIP package manufactured with CMOS Technology. L293D (motor driver IC) Racially L293D 16DIP /ULN 2003 IC is used to drive the stepper motor. STEPPER MOTOR This is used to open and close the gates automatically when it is rotated clock wise or anticlockwise direction. Stepper motor requires 500m amps current, so use the L293D drivers to drive the stepper motor. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION Keil By 1. B. BHARATH KUMAR REDDY – 113004045 2. P SAMBASIVA RAO – 113004161 3. T. RANGA VINOD KUMAR 113004207 4. T. SIVA NARAYANA REDDY 113004205

Vulnerable Computer Networks essays

Vulnerable Computer Networks essays As more and more people use Internet for pleasure, more and more criminals use it to break into remote computers to steal information, plant viruses, or simply change user names and passwords. In any case, many online computer networks are vulnerable to outside hacker attacks. This can target home computers, as well as corporate networks (Koerner 20). Most of the time intrusions occur because security is low and not well maintained due to incompetent security administrators (Koerner 54). PC security is never 100 percent effective (Dugdale 292). As the Internet gets faster and faster, network administrators want their networks to be as fast as possible so access to them is not sluggish. Actually, some security software can slow down a network as much as 20 percent (Koerner 20 Webs bad week). Administrators want the network or Internet site up as soon as possible. Koerner states that most of the time security is in the back of the administrators mind (20). You cant just buy a product and think you are magically secure, stated Bruce Schneier, founder and chief technology officer of Counterpane Internet Security (Koerner 20 Webs bad week). Author of Mastering Network Security, Chris Benton, says, Its easier for an administrator to throw software at the problem rather than take time to come up to speed (Koerner 54 cybervandals). It seems like most security administrators are unable to solve problems themselves. They resort to the software that others program to keep their systems up to date. In reality, it may be counter effective since administrators do not exactly know what holes that the software may have in them. Intrusion detection of hackers is one thing, but when attacks that cripple networks are coordinated to make it look like ordinary people are using a website legitimately are known as Denial of Service attacks, are another. A hacker can break into various low ...