Roald Dahl - 1715 Words

The depression of the 1930’s was a very difficult time. With war suppressing the world and those within it, the impression this era left on society is immense (BBC). Having lived in Europe at this time, the author Roald Dahl reveals the influence which living in this time period has made. This is demonstrated in his stories â€Å"The Wish†, â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† and â€Å"Man from the South†. The significant situations of this era assist in the establishment of a foundation for his work, bringing the dominant sentiments into action within the characters, themes and settings of Dahl’s short stories. When the Second World War ended in Europe, there was a sudden post-war realization that ultimately nothing would ever be the same†¦show more content†¦The recurring conflicts in each of these stories echo the surrounding conflicts within the 1930’s and 1940’s. It was â€Å"a time of financial and economic distress for many† since World War One had just ended, The Great Depression was still enduring, and World War Two was occurring (Willis). Along with the general concept of distress and conflict within society, Dahl’s childhood was also surrounded by conflicts. In his early education he went to a school where â€Å"you could get beaten up for small mistakes† by the headmaster (Howard), and â€Å"senior boys were allowed†¦to wound other boys, and sometimes very severely (BrainyQuote). The misery of his childhood was also impacted by his sister’s and father’s deaths when he was young (Tone and Marte). The angui sh and quarrel present in Dahl’s personal life and society in general, was used as an influence towards Roald Dahl’s stories. The slyness attitudes of Dahl’s protagonists imply the notion of the untrustworthy and deceptively persuasive personalities present in the 1930’s and 1940’s, particularly within the war and education system. The secretive and dishonest nature of the characters is exposed as their story unfolds. For instance, the little boy in â€Å"The Wish† convinces himself that his imagination is an existent reality. He deceives himself into believing that he is really encountering snakes and hot coals which could lead to his death. When he falls shortShow MoreRelatedThe Landlady by Roald Dahl1816 Words   |  8 Pageslandladys secret before she murders the young lad. To create suspense Roald Dahl has set the time at 9pm when darkness takes over light. As dark represents evil the mood changes to an atmosphere of suspense, particularly if youre unfamiliar with the area. This is exactly what happened to Billy and Roald Dahl therefore shows this as part of a beginning of suspense. The weather is an important part of the setting in which Roald Dahl creates a sinister mood. The moon was coming up out of a clear starryRead MoreThe Landlady by Roald Dahl1445 Words   |  6 PagesA short story which has an unexpected ending is ‘The Landlady by Roald Dahl. The writer uses clever structure and effective characterisation to create such a surprising and satisfactory finale. The story is about a young man named Billy Weaver. He is just starting a new job in Bath and, whilst looking for accommodation, he comes across a compelling Bed and Breakfast. He cant walk away from the building and ends us ringing the bell. He barely takes his finger away from the bell when, what appearsRead MoreAnalysis Of Roald Dahl s Dahl 1472 Words   |  6 PagesI use to love reading Roald Dahl when I was a younger, I was surprised to find out that Roald Dahl even wrote short stories for adults. Skin was one of those books for the more mature readers. I would recommend this book for its writing style. â€Å"The model!† cried Drioli. â€Å"Come on, Josie!† He was in a bustle of enthusiasm - now arranging everything, like a child preparing for some exciting game. â€Å"Where will you have her? Where shall she stand? The way Roald Dahl writes allows you to feel the sameRead MoreBoy by Roald Dahl1302 Words   |  5 PagesRoald Dahl uses humour in children books h e writes to manipulate the reader’s perception of events that occur in the books. The book, Boy is an autobiography written by Roald Dahl. It was his first book and it is a combination of real events in his life. Matilda is one of his fictional books that he wrote later on. Dahl uses events that are actually gruesome and quite horrifying and makes them humorous by using sarcasm, hyperboles, short sentences, imagery, similes and juxtapositions (rose96, 2011)Read MoreEssay On Roald Dahl1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthat has written many great books that lots of people still read today. His name is Roald Dahl. Roald Dahl is a famous children’s book author. He has written many fantastic children’s books such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, and Matilda. I believe that Roald Dahl is one of the best children’s book authors because he has lots of creativity and inspiration for his stories. Roald Dahl was born on September 13, 1916, in Llandaff, South Wales. His parents were NorwegianRead MoreEssay on Roald Dahl1435 Words   |  6 Pages | The aim of this essay is to give an outline of Roald Dahl’s life, highlighting the most important moments of his life, to point out his mayor works - specially the ones addressed to children-, and to mention many critics’ opinions of his writing. Roald Dahl was born in Llandaff, Wales on September 13th, 1916. He was the son of Norwegian parents. His father, Harald Dahl, died when Dahl was three. His mother, Sophie Magdalene Hesselberg had to raise him, his threeRead MoreMany From The South By Roald Dahl886 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"Many From The South† written by Roald Dahl is about a bet between an old foreign man and a young American boy. The story takes places at a hotel in Jamaica and is told from a first persons perspective. Throughout the story you never find exactly who the person is that is telling the story but you can see that he is a good man. The genre of the story would be a personal narrative because it is a story being told by a man. The story begins as just a normal story but as it continuesRead More An Essay on The Landlady by Roald Dahl516 Words   |  3 PagesThe Landlady by Roald Dahl In the short story â€Å"The Landlady,† Roald Dahl’s use of foreshadowing prepared readers well for the end of the story. He used hints such as describing the outside of the bed and breakfast, giving details of the entry and the bedroom, and also telling the readers about the living room. To begin, Dahl used the outside of the bed and breakfast as a use of foreshadowing. The sign was described to be distinctive. It was portrayed to be luringRead MoreKurt Vonnegut And Roald Dahl882 Words   |  4 PagesKurt Vonnegut and Roald Dahl are two very unique people. They are often described as quirky, weird, and downright zany. If they were stuck in a crowd, they would easily stand out. Although they are very different from others, they share many similarities with each other. Roald Dahl and Kurt Vonnegut are two divorced, agnostic authors who fought in and survived World War II. First of all, Vonnegut and Dahl both grew up in religious families. However, as most people do, they outgrew some of theirRead More Lamb to the Slaughter By Roald Dahl Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesLamb to the Slaughter By Roald Dahl In Roald Dahl’s short story â€Å"Lamb to the slaughter,† the behaviour of the characters makes us shiver. The story starts off with Mary Maloney‘s husband walking in from work and sitting down in the armchair. She then made him a drink and asked him he was tired. She then asked him if he wanted supper but he said no. later he said he had something important to say and for a few moments she stood shocked. She went to get the supper out any way but when she

Leadership And Communication What Makes An Effective...

Leadership and Communication There is leadership in all of us, although some of us may not realize that we are capable to lead others in some degree. The world has seen its fair share of leaders, both effective and ineffective ones; some had used his leadership in negative lights such as Manuel Noriega, former Panamanian Dictator or positive ones such as that of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Despite their differences, both leaders were very effective in their crafts. One may ask â€Å"What make an effective leader?† In my opinion, communication is the key. In order for leaders to succeed, they should be able to strategically communicate to their audiences. Strategic Communication Strategic communication is defined as â€Å"communication aligned with the company’s overall strategy, to enhance its strategic positioning.† (Argenti, Howell, Beck, 2005) The definition of strategic communication is fairly broad and seems to be organization oriented. While the success and prosperity may be the goals for most institutions; one must not forget that leaders lead people, not a room full of objects. Communication is very important to every leader however, it is not as simple as telling a subordinate to go on this mission or finish this task. A good leader must have a blueprint and possess the ability to implement such communication strategically. There are many elements in strategic communications and they are all equally important. Listening Every leader must learn to listen; it may appear to beShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is A Part Of Everyday Life Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pages Communication and Leadership Melissa Stevens ORG 300-5 Applying Leadership Principles Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli September 29, 2016 Communication is a part of everyday life. Not only is it present in our personal lives, but in the workplace as well. Communication is an essential skill that we cannot avoid, and should be perfected as a goal in improving your leadership efficiency. When in a leadership role, the leader must influence others effectively. Being anRead MoreLeadership And Communication : An Effective Leader1305 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Communication For decade’s individuals, companies, and organizations have spent an unprecedented amount of money on researching, molding, modeling and working to define what a leader is and what characteristics make successful leaders. With all the research, there is not a quick answer or even full agreement as to what makes an individual an effective leader. Although, in a majority of the research a common theme is occurring: communication. COMMUNICATION Communication. Easy,Read MoreLack Of Strong Communication Skills1533 Words   |  7 Pages Strong communication skills are necessary in order to coordinate daily operations which may require multiple people participating in the care of a patient. Evidence has shown that a lack of strong communication has led to negative patient outcomes and financial losses for the institution. Effective communication will help deliver the plan and staff members will know exactly what is expected off them versus trying to figure it out on their own. Good communication will also help to prevent errorsRead MoreWhat Makes A Effective Leader? Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesI. What is Leadership? â€Å"At times of change or dealing with uncertainty or in a crisis-- that is when the best leader will shine† (Ellis, 2016). A leader who can work effectively in a complicated, unpredictable situation is a competent leader and he tirelessly works to improve his capabilities (Ledlow Coppola, 2010). All great leaders are known for communicating effectively what they want to achieve. They are visionaries who have the ability to lead others toward a shared goal (Gibson Weber,Read MoreLeadership : A Nurse Manager Of The Telemetry Floor At The Hospital1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Leadership is an important part of almost all profession. It is no surprise that the role of nursing profession evolving, with that evolution, leadership is becoming more and more important. Leadership establishes an environment that foster personal and professional growth. Nursing is a profession that put huge emphasis on leadership skills. Leadership is such an essential part of our health care system, which can greatly impact the quality, accessibility and affordability of healthRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader?1507 Words   |  7 PagesAt its simplest definition, a leader is someone who leads other people. But what makes someone a leader? How come some people are leaders and some people are not? How can someone become a leader? Before we can examine what makes a good leader, we have to understand what is the meaning of leadership. Leadership is a topic that has interested historians and philosophers since ancient times. Introducing the expression â€Å"managers are people who do things right, and leaders are people who do the right thing†Read MoreMilitary Leadership And Communication During The Middle East1277 Words   |  6 PagesMilitary Leadership and Communication From the Hot Gates at Thermopylae to the beaches of Normandy, the walls of Troy to the sand boxes in the Middle East, as far back as history goes men and countries have assembled groups of their elite to fight for the ideals of nations and their people. But like all cadres they require leaders. They are leaders not only of vision to see the big picture in battle, but also possess the skill and aptitude to communicate clearly to their troops. It is this abilityRead MoreCommunication Is An Essential Skill For Effective Leadership866 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is an essential skill for effective leadership. It is a skill that many leaders possess but might not know how to effectively use in the workplace. They may not be skilled in dealing with a diverse group of employees in terms of age, and they might not be diverse in their own style of communication. Leaders might even need to possess different skills to be effective global leaders which would require a vast knowledge into different cultures and their communication styles. It can seemRead MoreLeadership Communication Case Study Analysis1043 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Communication Case Study Analysis Communication is an essential skill for effective leadership that numerous people possess but might not know how to use correctly and fully. Leaders of today can put in effect new techniques, such as transformational leadership, and see how they bring changes in their staff and their work. The diversity in the staff of today’s workplace calls for a change in the way we communicate and the way leaders get along with staff and how staff see’s their leadersRead MoreCommunication: An Integral Component of Organizational Leadership1585 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The concept of communication is an integral component of organizational leadership (Hackman Johnson, 2009).Pohrte (2010) noted that people in leadership position must learn take the responsibility of discharging effective communication when dealing with other people. In this paper, we perform an in-depth analysis of the communication issues that affect the everyday leadership of our organizations. The importance of communications in leadership A literature review indicates that

Business Process Planning and Design †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Process Planning and Design. Answer: When a product is being designed, the initial considerations involves assessing the ability of the company to produce the product. The essential technology, processes, and machines needed for production are arrived at and compared to similar existing resources in the company. If the firm has the capacity to proceed with production, the next step involves designing the product. Upon the completion of the final product design, process planning and process design follows. Once, the process planning has been established, specific machinery and processing time requirements are determined. The assessment of the processing time requirements is based on the available capacity of the firm to acquire new machines and other crucial resources before deciding whether to produce a product or not. From the analysis of the above paragraph, it is clear that both process planning and design planning should go in unison for the successful production process. Process planning involves planning for the conversion processes needed to transform inputs into final products. Process planning covers the whole production process. Therefore, process planning encompasses outlining manufacturing operations that are performed at different phases of production to achieve product design of the anticipated output. Process planning comprises of the two major components namely process design and operational design. Both parts provide crucial information to determine what kind of the machine and other resources that will be needed to manufacture a new product. Process design outlines the whole sequence of operations needed to obtain product specifications. This sequence of operations is determined by; the material used, nature of the product, the number of quantities to be produced and the current physical layout of the manufacturing plant. On the other side, operation design involves evaluating individual manufacturing operations design. Operations design compares human resources input to the machine input in the transformation of output into the finished product during production process. The understating of operation design helps the manufacturer to determine human resource hours and machine hours in every single unit of produced. Process planning and design are vital steps in operations management. Process planning is the aspect of operations management that determines the parameters to be used. These parameters primarily comprise of the machines that can perform the planned processes and convert them from their initial to the predetermined final form. The predetermined form is what forms up the design. Therefore, for the process planning to be executed effectively, process design must be predetermined. This helps to align process planning with the anticipated process design. On a different perspective, process planning can be defined as a process of planning for production that leads to the realization of final product according to the product design. Product design or specification usually describes the product features, tolerances and how different components of the operations work. In fact, it describes the final product in depth. In operation management, product design is very crucial because the company may want to use another manufacturing company to help produce certain parts of the product. If the contracted company is not provided with the product design, it may result in delays, confusion, and extra costs. Besides, product design is also important even when the company wants to carry the entire production in its manufacturing facility. Process planning marks the beginning production process. It is the step of production that involves assembling, partial designing, production quantity and due date when the product should be completed. The producer uses the above aspects to decide fixtures, tools, machines and time which each production stage will consume. Production planning and resource scheduling are based on the information obtained from process planning. Therefore, it is indisputable that process planning and design is one of the critical steps that should be observed with care during the manufacturing process. How the whole production process run, depends on how manufacturer has taken care of process planning and process design. Production planning and scheduling will rely on process planning. If the process planning is not comprehensive enough, then both production planning and scheduling are deemed to fail. Production planning and scheduling are very crucial steps in the manufacturing process. This is because production involves the production of multiple productions and at the same time resources allocation must be done correctly to increase output. If the process planning is not good enough then, there is a high probability that both production planning and scheduling will fail. This may force the company to incur unplanned and extra costs. Process planning largely dwells on establishing how different components will be interrelated to integrate different parts of the product to be produced. This process entails establishing which machines to use and the order to be followed to ensure all the aspects are included in the product. For the process planning to be efficient and effective, it calls for cooperation of production engineers and other experts to make sure that strategic decisions and extensive analysis of the production are carried out. This approach assists the producer to plan for the production by ensuring that every single component of the production is put into consideration. Usually, process plan is viewed as a link between manufacturing stages and product design. Process planning is based on the number of the components to be integrated into the manufacturing stages, and the number of planned products. As manufacturing components and the number of the products to produce increases, process planning becomes more important. To make a good process planning it is always advisable to produce small quantities of the products before the actual production. Once this is done, the manufacturer can use the produced products as the sample of perfecting and building on the strong process planning. The perfection and building process will involve checking and rechecking all production components to make sure they are appropriate. However, it may be difficult to apply this technique when production is done in large quantities. This technique helps the manufacturer to make sure products are within the acceptable tolerances. In case of many quantities to be produced, the manufacturer can opt for checking components at a given sequence. For example, the manufa cturer can decide to be checking components after every hundred or more products produced.

The other side of the bridge Essay Example

The other side of the bridge Paper The Lunette received a telegram stating Eric and Gunter had been They found out later that Carl was missing but had been found dead. This was very hard for Arthur to hear about his friends because they were out there fighting for their country while he stayed in Straus. It was difficult for Arthur to carry on knowing his three friends would never return home. Another one of Arthur friends, Ted Hatchet who fought in the war as well returned home safe but was badly injured. Ted committed seclude shortly after returning home from Straus on Ted Hatchet had shot himself (314). This was another loss off friend for Arthur. Ted and Arthur had grown close and he made many visits to Ted. When Ted passed away this brought back the memories of loosing his other friends, Tees death also helped Arthur look at things and life In a new perspective. A huge loss In Arthur life was when his father was killed In a tractor accident. This came as a shock to the whole family especially Arthur As for Arthur, he had no words (193). He had lost his father but also his friend. They became closer while working on the fields together and were similar In many ways. We will write a custom essay sample on The other side of the bridge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The other side of the bridge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The other side of the bridge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This put a lot of pressure on Arthur having to take on running two farms on his own. Arthur father was the only other person who stood up and believed in Arthur. He also saw through Jake just like Arthur did. He lost a part of himself when his father passed. The Christopher family experienced a different type of loss caused by divorce. Nans mom ran off with his geography teacher because she fell out of love with Nans father. Ian asked his mother If I wont go will you go anyways? (66). At that moment Ian felt abandoned by his mother because she chose someone else Instead of him. He missed having her there everyday taking care of the family. After she left Ian experienced emptiness In his life, in the house and with his father. Nans father had become depressed about the absence of his wife. His wife left him which took him by surprise. It took him awhile to get over the loss but he used his worktop distract him from his new home life. He blamed himself . .. Let Is my fault really (95). He didnt know how to carry on with his new life with Just him and Ian. Nans mom experienced 1 OFF a great loss as well . Seen lost near son Ana near unsound. En let Straus on ten wrong tot on Nans mom was trying to say goodbye before leaving to Toronto, Darling how can I go if you wont say goodbye? (69). She had to live with that everyday. She even tried calling Ian and writing him letters but she was shut out of his life. She had a new life that Ian wasnt a part of. Laura Dunn experienced the loss of many loved ones. When Carter died it was a hard loss for Laura. She was the re when it happened and she saw the whole thing on it describes His body somersaulted right over the top of the car (344). Not only was Carter her first born child but he was Sakes child as well. Carter was the only connection she had left to Jake. Laura also lost Jake when he left Straus without an explanation only a note saying Sorry to go without saying goodbye. Love Jake (317). Laura was head over heels in love with Jake and he left her without a proper goodbye. She gave everything to Jake which lead to her pregnancy with Carter. She was all alone with a baby on the way and a broken heart. She had no one in Straus and didnt know anyone except for Arthur. Arthur was the greatest loss for Laura. Laura hated the fact that Arthur wasnt sure that her love towards him was real or if he still loved Jake. Laura said l want you to know,now, while Arthur is still here, that I love him. And I loved him then (350). Laura wanted Arthur to understand that he meant more to her then he could ever imagine and that she loved him the way he had always loved her. The characters deal with loss in the book Theorem Side Of The Bridge that effect them mentally and emotionally. With the loss of Arthur friends who fought in the war and his father, the impact of a divorce in the Christopher family and all the loss of loved ones close to Laura, the characters learn to cope and carry on with their lives.

Free Essays on Native American History

can obscure meaning, which leads to misunderstanding and misinformation. Written documents are valuable, but are not always to be trusted. They do not convey the truth of things only what the author wants you to believe happened. In this way the Native Americans perceive the spoken word to ... Free Essays on Native American History Free Essays on Native American History History is the study of life; it does not live within written facts of time and events. It lives within our experiences, our spirit, and it also comes from the perceptions of our peoples. It does not need to be written down to be valid. The Native Americans experience history through a great oral tradition. Generation to generation stories of Native American culture and history is told by the older and wiser to the young. Laguna Pueblo Author Leslie Marmon Silko states, â€Å"Through the stories we hear who we are.† Is this not history? Collective memories through successive generations can maintain and transmit an entire culture. The Native Americans have a spiritual history as well. It is similar to both the Christian history and the Islamic history. The Christian faith and Islamic faith is based on stories that were eventually written down in the form of the Bible and the Koran. The Native American faith is similar to both as it was created by stories also, yet not written down. Does this make it any less valid? The Christians believe in God. The Islamic believe in Allah. The Native Americans Believe in the â€Å"Breath Giver.† Since they are all stories similar in nature, to discount any one would make the others invalid as well. So if we accept the Bible and the Koran to be histories of a sort, then we have to accept the stories of the Native American to be histories of their own. Perception is also a key to understanding history. The Europeans perceive that written history is more reliable than the spoken word. However, the Native Americans perceive words to be highly valued when spoken from the heart, for written words can obscure meaning, which leads to misunderstanding and misinformation. Written documents are valuable, but are not always to be trusted. They do not convey the truth of things only what the author wants you to believe happened. In this way the Native Americans perceive the spoken word to ...

Do you remember your 2014 New Year’s resolutions

Do you remember your 2014 New Year’s resolutions I honestly had forgotten all but two of mine, and only looked at them today because I knew it was time to write my New Year’s â€Å"Ressaylutions† update. In January I promised to report both my wins and my fails for the year in August. Oops. It’s September. That’s my first fail. I completely forgot about my promise to do an August update! I’m a couple of weeks late, but I’m keeping honest – even though I feel a bit scared to do so since I am not on track to meet some of my goals. My invitation to you is to do an honest assessment of where you are in achieving your New Year’s goals. The first step is to remember what they were! Then evaluate your progress. 2014 â€Å"Ressaylutions† and Current Status: Increase college essay / personal statement portion of my business to 25% of business. I took action on this goal but have not reached the goal (so far this year I’m at 5%; projected 10% by end of year). Actions taken: Gave interviews for an article in the Catholic Herald and another one in The Educated Mom blog. Advertised a summer program for rising high school seniors to work on college essays, but received no inquiries. Will be speaking at the NRWA Conference this week about how to write a standout college essay. I’m letting more resume writers know about my services so they know they can refer clients to me if they do not do personal statement coaching themselves. Roll out a new â€Å"responsive† (mobile-friendly) website. This project has been delayed numerous times despite starting work on a new website in December 2013. I just transitioned to a new company and I’m hoping to have a new website by the end of the year! Choose a CRM and project management system. I decided to implement Infusionsoft and I am working with an Infusionsoft expert to do it. We are plugging away and the plan is to launch the new website and the Infusionsoft functionality all at the same time. I look forward to having things run seamlessly by Q1 2015! Serve 250 clients. Last year The Essay Expert worked with 200 clients to find new jobs, get into school, and achieve business results. Total clients this year is 119. I am not on track to reach my goal. I will be looking at my lead generations strategies and expect that my new website and Infusionsoft implementation will support The Essay Expert’s expansion to a wider client base. Generate 214 success stories. I have not met this goal (we’re at 45) and will need to step up my follow-up efforts with clients to increase this number! As you can see, I am likely not going to fulfill all my Ressaylutions for 2014. However I can still use them to motivate myself to action – and I will! When I make my 2015 resolutions, I will be taking a hard look at both my successes and failures from 2014, as well as my priorities for the coming year. I hope you will too. What were your New Year’s Resolutions and have you held yourself accountable? Please share! Category:Life and LeadershipBy Brenda BernsteinSeptember 15, 2014

PERSONAL STATEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PERSONAL STATEMENT - Essay Example I have had a good record in performance right from my elementary studies with my high school GPA being 4.0 while the current college one is 3.7. I have developed some interest in pursuing my summer programs in photography within Italy at the American University within Rome having been attracted to the program through the institution’s website. Am currently 19years old and have been brought up in Venezuela with my family currently living in Rome and am sure that the photography sessions will be instrumental in my major in journalism. I must admit that the love of the country (Italy) has also triggered my interest to study there as I have been visiting there at least twice a year. An opportunity to study there would not only present an opportunity to re-unite with family and moot of my friends but also an opportunity to study in a beautiful and historic country. Besides, I have deep appreciation of different cultures and such an opportunity to undertake studies during the summer season within Italy would give me an opportunity to interact and appreciate cultural diversity. I am disciplined, dedicated and much focused in my studies and success is all that matters to me. I therefore believe that if accorded the opportunity, I would gain the most from the program while contributing positively towards the success of other students and the course at large within the

(HRM)Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(HRM)Globalisation - Essay Example It is recognized through a number of trends such as growing economic integration and liberalization; trade deregulation; convergence of macroeconomic policies; modification of the role and concept of nation state; proliferation of supranational agreements and regulatory bodies; and globalization of information systems 1." Upon looking into the given premise, one might have the idea that the said practice has its positive and negative effects. In this case, if some countries oppose this kind of practice definitely anticipate is negative effects. So, what are these negative effects that they seem to oppose this kind of practice Vandana Shivea (2006) 2, an Indian ecofeminist and scholar, once stated that "globalization along with the support of organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, have created a term more often known as "slave wages". These kinds of wages are not necessarily the result of "unjust" societies, but of the fact that global trade devalues the worth of people's lives and work. While globalization has brought jobs to rural, developing areas such as India where there was previously no employment, these jobs seem to be wolves in sheep's clothing.

To Eat or Not To Eat Essay Example for Free

To Eat or Not To Eat Essay Hello, my name is Dr. Rachel Green. I am an eating disorder counseling specialist. Today I would like to talk with you about two forms of eating disorders, obesity and anorexia nervosa. In our discussion, I would like to be able to give you a new perspective on food, hunger and satiety hoping that it may benefit those who live with these disorders. Obesity is defined as when a person has maintained a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. People with obesity have many health risks which include hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, bone health problems in addition to many other health complications and illnesses. Anorexia nervosa is defined as a mental illness because it refers to individuals who refuse to keep their weight within 85% of the standard weight for their age and height. Those who live with anorexia express deep anxiety about gaining any weight in addition to their body image being dramatically distorted. These individuals refuse to eat and have a habit of going on eating binges, which they follow with vomiting. Their excuse for this is that they have to do this to keep what they view as an acceptable weight. This illness is very severe and is life threatening in most cases. It can result in heart failure, kidney failure and damage to the brain. Both anorexia and obesity are studied in depth. Several new theories have brought new light to the treatment of these conditions. We will also discuss numerous hunger and satiety myths as well as facts about  the maintenance and development of these disorders. We will have a chance for QA in the later part of the program. There are a wide variety of theories that attempt to address why we choose to eat or not to eat. Hunger and satiety have bio-psychosocial factors that are detailed in theories relating to obesity and anorexia. From an evolutionary perspective, we can see that periods occurred in which shortages existed in our food supplies. These may have contributed to obesity as a part of our genetic predispositions as a means of storing food when it became available so that those calories would be available to us later for our use when food supplies became scarce. This relates also to the desire to eat great quantities of high calorie foods. Consumption of high calorie foods leads to fat storage of that food’s energy. We also know that we require at least 3 solid meals daily to maintain our normal weight. This social connection to normality can be carried forward into social interactions that take place when consuming foods that are more palatable due to high fat content or high sugar content. This carries forward into our understanding of the motivations for eating. Such factors do influence our eating patterns. Additional factors play into the choices that we make that may conflict with our ability to maintain a healthy and ideal body weight. Calories are burned during exercise and if we do not balance our caloric intake well with our exercise levels then we will not be in balance. People also have different rates of metabolism, which affects their ability to burn or store fat. Thermogenesis, which is a non-exercise activity where energy is dissipated, is also relevant to this discussion. Studies in Biopsychology have shown that we do not eat due to the need to fuel the body, but eat because of our learned, embedded responses. Studies show that people tend to eat larger quantities in social settings than when alone. This factor alone would be a significant contributor to obesity if we correlate socializing with food. Satiety has shown to be related to the types of food we eat. We need certain nutrients and minerals. Candy doesn’t include these nutrients and minerals, and so our bodies do not feel satisfied or full when we eat them. Meals that contain the proper mix of nutrients and minerals yield a more complete satiety. Some foods contain more of the nutrients required to allow us to actually feel full. Anorexia includes some of the same issues of social factors that influence our views of acceptable healthy weight and eating. The inclination to eat in social situations can be skewed in the opposite direction for some individuals. They can be so insecure that they do not meet their body’s needs due to their feelings about others’ perceptions of them. Anorexia involves a great fear of weight gain and the individual displays starvation habits of eating or alternate binge and purge cycles of eating. These patterns are learned eating behaviors. Binging is an aspect of anorexia that can help us to see how hunger and satiety are related to mind over matter because the mind is overtaking the body’s need for nutrition in this disease. The binge is meeting the body’s need, but the purge that follows is catering to the corrupted ideal as the individual sees it, so satiety no longer has a positive value. The start and development of anorexia is specific to the individual because external factors contribute to the development and beginning of this disease. The most common onset factor is dieting. Dieting is generally undertaken in response to socially perceived and abnormal expectations. There seems to be a connection between weight gain and food intake that defies the positive motivation that is normally connected to satiety and healthy eating habits. The value of the food incentive is lost in the negative contribution of feelings for weight control. In this discussion today we have reviewed a number of myths and facts relating to these two diseases. What questions do you have about anorexia or obesity? Question 1: I want to know if my parents’ obesity is the cause of  my own obesity. Answer: Your parents’ obesity may have given you a genetic predisposition that affects your ability to maintain an ideal weight but isn’t the only factor. The Bio-psychosocial theory gives us the evidence to understand that you have the willpower to control your own weight in a healthy manner. You can learn to rehabilitate yourself with regard to your expectations and eating behaviors. This will give you greater satiety and a healthier prognosis. Exercise is also a critical factor in controlling your weight. A proper, regular practice can help you to burn calories. The combination of proper intake and proper exercise can give you a healthy weight. Overeating is not the response to need, but is a continuance of values and habits about food that are not healthy. Question 2: I eat the same foods and amounts as my girlfriend, but she does not gain weight and I do. What makes this happen? Answer: This would be because her basal metabolism and differs from yours significantly. She has a higher rate allowing her to digest foods more efficiently.Consumption is not the only factor in weight gain. You have to look at your own physical activity/exercise levels as well. Question 3: My family feels that I have become anorexic in response to my exposure to women’s images as portrayed in magazines and on TV. This may be true, but I do not have any cravings for food. Why would that be so? Answer: It may be true that you initially learned to connect extreme thinness with success and beauty and you chose to work toward that slanted ideal. Your dieting then contributed to this skewed viewpoint when you were able to lose weight in the beginning of your new eating patterns. You may have found yourself more beautiful due to the exposure to such idealized images and then failed to recognize later the health problems that this began to cause for you. I would attribute the feeling that you do not crave food at all to the negative value this skewed view placed on food. You look at food as a negative element in your life since you connect it only with weight gain instead of with nurture and health. Rehabilitation of your mind and body require you to nurture your body with healthy foods and exercise. It is possible to re-establish healthy eating patterns that can give you back your desire for and enjoyment of food. Question 4: I feel sick each time I eat, so I have taken to not eating. Can you tell me why this is? Answer: I believe this relates to incentive values of food. You may have taught yourself that food will make you gain an unhealthy amount of weight and now you connect food only with negative things. If you begin by eating foods that you know are healthy for you then you can begin to view food as a positive thing again. Eating healthy foods and staying away from high sugar and high fat foods is a way to let your body respond well to what you eat. If your focus is on weight control rather than on health, you will be punishing your body for eating even healthy things. Citations Pinel, J. P. J. (2011). Biopsychology. (8th ed.). Allyn Bacon. To Eat Or Not To Eat. Anti Essays. Retrieved November 10, 2012, from the World Wide Web: http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/95995.html

Harnessing the Energy of the Oceans :: Technology Engineering Papers

Jamie Lee Wise’s essay examines the varying sources of electrical energy that we can draw from the oceans. In her well-organized and researched essay, Wise carefully explains the sources and then discusses both the benefits and drawbacks of each source. In the end, Wise’s paper argues that "public awareness and education concerning the benefits of renewable energy sources need to be increased," and that the oceans can be a valuable resourece "only if we take steps to preserve this natural wonder and use it responsibly." Harnessing the Energy of the Oceans Introduction The oceans cover nearly three-quarters of our planet and contain a vast reserve of resources, yet we are only beginning to tap their full potential. The oceans can provide a wide variety of foods, desalinated water, minerals, electricity, transportation, and recreation for the people of our world; however, this discussion will be limited to sources of electrical energy that can be harnessed from the seas. The world’s energy consumption is currently doubling every 12 years and the consequences of our heavy dependence on fossil fuels are becoming increasingly apparent. Several studies have estimated that our "present reserves of oil and natural gas will be consumed within a few decades, and coal within a few centuries." In addition, "political instability in the Middle East has demonstrated the economic consequences of oil dependence" (Bregman, Knapp, and Takahashi; 1996). Environmental and political concerns are just two reasons why alternative energy sources, such as ocean energy conversion, need to be considered. Overview of Ocean Energy Conversion Technologies Technologies that currently exist for generating electrical power from the oceans can be grouped into six broad categories: thermal energy, tidal power, wave power, ocean currents, ocean winds, and chemical sources. According to Ron Bregman, an Ocean Resource Engineer, the most promising and well-developed of these technologies are thermal energy, tidal power, and wave power (1996). Thermal Energy The oceans are the world’s largest solar collectors. Each day the oceans absorb an amount of solar radiation equivalent in heat content to about 250 billion barrels of oil, according to Michael Champ in Sea Technology (1995). This solar energy that is absorbed by the oceans as heat can be converted to electricity by a process known as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion or OTEC. This technology is based on the large temperature differential between the warm tropical surface waters and the near freezing waters of the deep ocean (Vega, 1995).

Alice in Wonderland Essay

It’s almost impossible to set this story in the time and in the space because nearly all of it forms part of a dream: Alice was very tired and suddenly she felt asleep and began to dream. However, she didn’t realize that whatever she saw in Wonderland was only a dream, a product of her imagination but not the reality. Anyway, we could say that there are two main stages: the real world and Wonderland, the fictitious one. In Wonderland all is â€Å"nonsense† and strange, you don’t know what’s going to happen in each situation. The real world only appears at the beginning and at the end of the story when she wakes up from her nap. Because of it, this world is not very important for readers and for Alice too, who prefers living in a world completely different from hers. Interesting and strange things only happen in Wonderland where everyone is mad. Moreover, there we can see a lot of different places where Alice spends her time like the rabbit-hole, the house of the rabbit, the garden, the house of the Dukes. The time is not very clear because Alice thinks that she has spent a lot of time there, but all her adventures only last the time of her little nap. When you are sleeping you can believe that you have spent a lot of time dreaming and perhaps it has been no longer than fifteen minutes. She doesn’t have any kind of time in Wonderland and everything happens all at once and very quickly; so that she didn’t realize.

BCR Importance of nitrogen Essay

1. Probably they include negatives and, if possible, positive controls. Is your negative control a test plant that is planted in a pot with no legume planted in the pot? Do you have any other negative controls? How about positive controls? Are there some plants which you know will grow well under the conditions that you are specifying? Are you using these as positive controls, while your test plants will be a different type of plant? 2. I suspect they also include a method of checking, periodically, for results â€Å"over time,† meaning either daily, weekly, monthly †¦. 3. Wouldn’t you want all of your test â€Å"subjects† exposed to the same environmental conditions, with the exception of the one element for which you are testing. That means that all get the same amount of light, water and soil and that the light, water and soil are from the same source. So, you will need a way of measuring the amount of light, water and soil. If you are planting in containers, wouldn’t you want all of the containers made of the same substance, instead of having some be of plastic and some of wood? Wouldn’t you want them to all be the same height, width and depth? Wouldn’t you want them all oriented with respect to the sun such that none blocked sunlight from the others? Wouldn’t you want to weed them all frequently and regularly to insure that the presence of weeds did not adversely effect one or the other of your test subjects? I suspect that your instructor wants you to say in your experimental proposal write up how you will orient the containers and what they will be made of and what are their dimensions and how often you will check for weeds and measure light water and soil†¦ 4. Won’t you need to decide what constitutes a positive result and what constitutes a negative result. 5. Probably your instructor wants you to choose an objective measure for your results and state what that will be. For example: If you are growing other plants along with the legumes, will you measure the growth of their stems with a ruler? If they are branched, will you only measure the total height, or will you measure all of the branches separately? If they have fruit, will you weight the fruit? If you weigh it, how will you decide that it is time to pick and weigh it? At the end of the experiment, will you remove the whole plant, roots and all and weigh it? 6. Will you plant the legumes at the same time that you plant the test plant? or will you plant the test plant on day 5, 6, 10†¦ after the legumes have been planted? Will you plant only one legume to each box? If you have them growing at the same time, how will you orient your plants so that neither the legume nor the test plant will overshadow the other but that the roots of the legume are close enough to effect the soil for the test plant? Or, if you don’t think that will work, will you plant the legumes and let them grow and die before you plant your test plant? 7. How will you record what you have done? Will you make a spreadsheet and record that, for example, you have gave all the plants a cup of water per day or a quart of water twice a week? Where will you note the growth of the plant? how many weeds you pulled? Will you note the conditions of the leaves of your test plant or the conditions of the legume plants? Where will you note any unforeseen changes? 8. How will you write up your results? Most scientific papers have 5 sections. Does your instructor wish for you to include this in your proposal? 1) Introduction, 2) Materials and Methods 3) Results, 4) Conclusions and Discussion, 5) References

Researching Social Indicators Of Childrens Well-Being In The United

Researching Social Indicators Of Childrens Well-Being In The United Researching Social Indicators Of Childrens Well Children in Indiana I have chosen Indiana, known as Americas Heartland, as a representative because its middle of the road status geographically, socially, and politically. This is reflected in its nearly medium position in the ranking of states by poverty, infant birthweight, and per pupil educational expenses (Children in Indiana 1). However, Indiana ranks in the bottom 30 percent in regards to mothers who received pre-natal care as well as infant mortality (Children in Indiana 1). In both of these categories it ranked 34 out of 50, and there is some statistical indication that these two factors are related.In May of 2008, the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration refused to adopt a policy that would have expanded pregnant womens access to prenatal care. The policy would have granted "immediate, temporary health coverage through Medicaid to pregnant women in households earning less than twice the federal poverty level, or $28,000 for a family of two" (Indiana Medicaid A gency Refuses). Indiana has one of the highest rates of infant mortality and in 2004 the rate was "eight deaths per 1,000 live births, compared with a national rate of 6.8 deaths per 1,000 live births" (Indiana Medicaid Agency Refuses). It is common sense that pre-natal care has a significant impact of the health of the child at birth. Yet, Indiana has lagged behind the US in its willingness to cover pregnant women under the Medicaide Program.Indianas lack of commitment to childrens health reflects a conservative economic philosophy, which also extends to education. In Indiana, fourth grade school children are below the national average in both reading and math, and over 70 percent of the 3 and 4 year olds in poverty are not enrolled in pre-school (Children in Indiana 2). In contrast to many other states, Indianas policies fail to reflect the latest research in child development. Though Indiana has a substantial budget surplus, the state fails to support their children with the fina ncial support required to give them a healthy and well-educated start to life (Greninger). Children in Indiana. Washington, DC: Childrens Defense Fund, n.d. 22 Jan. 2009 . Greninger, Howard. "State Auditor Touts Indiana’s Budget Surplus." The Tribune Star 18 July 2008 [Terre Haute, IN]. 22 Jan. 2009 ."Indiana Medicaid Agency Refuses To Adopt Policy Increasing Access To Prenatal Care." Medical News Today. 28 May 2008. MediLexicon International Ltd. 22 Jan. 2009 .

17 Free French Worksheets to Test Your Knowledge

17 Free French Worksheets to Test Your Knowledge These free French worksheets will test what youve been taught to make sure youre actually learning and progressing through the French language. Print them off to evaluate how well you know your numbers, colors, and common phrases and words in French. When youre done with these worksheets, consider trying French audio resources and language learning software. Do Your Know Your French Numbers? Learning your numbers is the basics in any language. Print off these free French worksheets to test how well you can translate numbers and English words to and from French. French Counting Worksheet. Download PDF - Draw a line from each French number to the picture it describes. Youre tested on numbers 0-6. An answer key is included. Download PDF - Match the 10 numbers together using the English and French words. Two additional parts of this worksheet have you translate larger numbers into French. The answers can be found in this PDF. Download PDF - This worksheet has you circle the correct French word that represents the number of objects in each square. Other exercises are in this one worksheet as well, like matching English and French numbers and writing the French number that comes next in the sequence. All the answers are included. Test How Well You Know French Colors With These Free Worksheets These worksheets have you either write the color you see in French or color the image with what you translate from French. Either way, youre tested on your translation of French colors. French Color By Number Game. Download PDF - Translate 10 phrases that have to do with colored items you find on a beach. You must translate back and forth from English and French. Download PDF - This is a fun exercise to test whether or not you know the basic colors in French. You must color the house in the way the instructions tell you to, and then check your colors with the answer key to verify that youre right. Download PDF - Very similar to the previous worksheet, color the sky with the proper colors that are shown in French. A colored image is available as the key. Download PDF - Write the French word for the color of each of these five animals. The correct answers are included. More Free French Worksheets All of these French worksheets are also free, and test you on other things like animals, nouns, phrases, and other French words. French Crossword Puzzle Game. Download PDF - Four easy and four medium crossword puzzles can be printed from this one PDF file to test how well you know French words that have to do with transportation. Answers are not included. Similar ones can be downloaded for School and Education, Shopping, and Adjectives.   Download PDF - This 17-page file has a handful of sets of questions that test what you know about French grammar, like present tenses and imperfect tenses. All of the answers are included in the last page. Download PDF - Here are 10 words and phrases in French that you must translate into English. Some examples:  I need, Have you, Ill take, and  Please. Answers are at the bottom of the second page. Download PDF - These 10 animals are easy to identify, but do you know what word to use to describe them in French? Download PDF - Match up the French words with these 10 animals. Download PDF - Youre given six pictures, and you must match them with the French sentences that describe them. Download PDF - Can you accurately translate this French nursery rhyme into English? The correct translation is on the second page of this PDF. Download PDF - Read the French passage and see if you can answer the three true/false questions. Download PDF - With this printable worksheet, you must rewrite 20 French nouns with the correct definite article in front of them. All the answers are included in the second page. Visit Download Page  - This entire worksheet is in French. After reading the prepositions pertaining to where the monkey is in relation to the boxes, you must answer a handful of questions about them. You need to create a free user account with this website before you can download the PDF.

Promotion of both new and existing products can standout without price Coursework

Promotion of both new and existing products can standout without price reduction - Coursework Example The development of such brands shows that promotion of both new and old products can stand out and result in immense profitability without an element of price reductions. The development of such brands by Apple, Nike and Wal-Mart among others continues to show the position retail revolution that continues to influence the nature of brand-customer relationship as the discussion below portrays. As explained earlier, price is an equally significant element of the marketing mix that influences the profitability of a product since customers often consider the price of products. Despite such basic understandings, modern marketing trends such as the evolution of retail marketing coupled with retail revolution continue to restructure the market place. Currently, marketers have succeeded in developing effective brand loyalty with customers who can overlook the price of a product. Such developments show changing consumer behavior and the consumer purchasing decisions. Additionally, the inception and use of social media in the promotion has succeeded in enhancing the process of developing formidable brand loyalties. The form of new media provides both retailers and manufacturers with unique opportunities to interact with their target customers thereby influencing the trends in the society. Effective brands influence cultures in the society with customers purchasing the products of a particular brand irrespective of the price of the products. Understanding consumer behavior and consumer buying decisions are vital in the process of developing effective brands capable of overcoming the allure of price in marketing. Consumer behavior refers to the study of organizations, groups and individuals with the view to understand how they secure, use and dispose of both products and services. Understanding consumer behavior and their purchasing decisions is the basic drill in promoting either old or

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 46

Leadership - Essay Example He must use his power to fix things in accordance with the ethical standards. Moral courage is one of the many characteristics a leader must possess because if he lacks moral courage, he will never be able to take a positive step for those working under his leadership. Moral courage serves as the backbone of leadership. In a corporate setting, moral courage serves as the strength of character which allows the leader to lead his people without any fear of anyone or anything. When a leader is practicing moral courage, he has the guts to stand for his subordinates when needed, fight against injustice and suggest fair rewards and punishments. If an organization possess a leader who does not take righteous actions and decisions when required then the organization is likely to experience failure. We agree that it is a commander who leads a regiment and any failure on the part of regiment actually represents the poor leadership skills and lack of moral courage of the commander. If a leader can differentiate between right and wrong accurately and can raise a voice against the injustice going on regarding the policies, procedures and structures within an organization, only then he can bring about positive change in the culture as well as in the mindset of people. But it is really essential for a leader practicing moral courage that he must think and act within the ethical boundaries laid down by the organization. Sometimes the actions made by leaders in the name of moral courage allow those working under them to emulate them thereby setting a trend. This trend could be positive or negative. For instance, in the case study ‘Darker Shades of Blue’, Lt. Col. Holland gave a great flying performance for his 1993 Fairchild air show where he exceeded the technical order guidance thrice. The juniors who have seen Holland flying the way he likes by ignoring the defined guidance

Gospel Interpretation Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gospel Interpretation Project - Research Paper Example During Lazarus time, the dead were buried immediately after their death. This was because there were no preservatives of the dead body and burial had to take pace immediately so that the body did not decompose and become a bother to the people. Moreover, there were burial rites that needed to be observed. For example, in the case of Lazarus, he was wrapped with white clothing before he was buried according to the Jewish culture. Similar to many other cultures, people went to mourn with the family of the deceased. This explains why there was a crowd surrounding the home ground of Lazarus that Jesus found when he went to visit four days after his death. The people were aware that the body underwent decomposition after burial because the sisters to Lazarus indicated to Jesus that they were afraid that he was rotting and smelling already. Moreover, the people exhibited fear for the dead as they were not aware of the real condition of the dead. This explains why they were shocked when the y were shocked when he was resurrected (Harris 403). Prior to the event of resurrecting Lazarus, the Jews had threatened to stone Jesus. Therefore, the disciples were against the idea of Jesus joining any crowd that comprised of the Jews. However, Jesus indicated that it was during the day and he had twelve hours to complete his daily activities. It was at this point that Jesus made the disciples aware that Lazarus had died. However, at first he said it figuratively giving the disciples the impression that he was just asleep. After realizing that the disciples has not grasped the meaning f his words, he said it clear that Lazarus had died. However, he mentioned that it was a good thing that he had not been there during his death because this could present a good opportunity for them to believe. With this, Jesus was referring to the event making people believe that he was the son of God (V., C n.p). On

India is the most hierarchical society

India is the most hierarchical society BRIEF: India is the most hierarchical society in the world and this, obviously, has an impact on its management style. It is imperative that there is a boss and that the manager acts like a boss. The position of manager demands a certain amount of role-playing from the boss and a certain amount of deferential behaviour from his subordinates. The boss is definitely not expected to perform any seemingly menial tasks such as making coffee for everybody or moving chairs in a meeting room! Anglo-Saxon concepts of egalitarianism where the boss is the primus inter pares are virtually incomprehensible in a society still dominated by the historical conventions of the caste system. Therefore, the boss is expected to give explicit instructions which will be followed even if everybody knows that the instruction is incorrect. Managing people in India requires a level of micro-management which many western business people feel very uncomfortable with but, which is likely to bring the best results. Indian management is paternalistic and is characterized by: Patronage Families feelings Sense of security in staff Obedience to authority Personality cult Personality based delegation Aversions of the staff to the leaders who are outsiders Ascent on short rather than long term planning Restricted sharing of information Gulf between personnel policies and practices Traditional Indian management: Management practices:- Traditional Indian management Employee requirements- family relation and caste of employee is considered Leadership style- leaders display a high level of personal involvement with their subordinates. Motivational aspects and rewards- work is viewed as a means to an end i.e for sake of satisfying family needs. Human resource management practices- nepotism and caste consideration affect selection and compensation. Training is less emphasized. TYPES OF MANAGEMENT SYLE IN INDIA- 1) Conservative style: Integrating ideology- old is gold, change carefully Performance control- through traditions, conventions, precedents Coordination- hierarchical Staff motivation- financial security, psychological safety 2) Entrepreneurial style: Intergrating ideology- no risk no gain, pioneer, innovative, revolutionize Performance control- through shared vision of corporate team Coordination- hierarchical Staff motivation- through charisma of the person at top 3) Professional style: Intergrating ideology- scientific, rational approach to management Performance control- through norms of professionalism and other tools of management Coordination- variety of mechanism like hierarchy, committee planning Staff motivation- formalized menu of progressive, productive and quality oriented incentive. 4) Bureaucratic style: Orderly management, clear accountability Through rules and regulation Hierarchical, standard operating procedures Job clarity, steady promotion on basis of seniority 5) Organic style: Flexibility Through peer pressure, personal commitment Team work, mutual feedback, intensive lateral as well as vertical communication Job variety and richness 6) Authoritarian style: Obedience, organizational patriolism Through fear of punishment Hierarchical Patriotic feel and fear of punishment 7) Participative style: Relatively powerless decision making Through collective assessment on jointly agreed criteria of evaluation Through representative committee Feeling of participating in decision making 8) Intuitive style: Experience and common sense Thumb rule Hierarchical, also by informal norms No need for formal qualification 9) Familial style: One big happy family Through relationship of bosses Through personalities Feeling of being a part of family 10) Altruistic style: Its a means to social and spiritual end Through sense of mission or pursuit of great ideal Hierarchical, shared ideal or social commitment Opportunity to control something noble and meaningful Being a Manager in India To ensure successful cross cultural management in India, you need be aware of the strict protocols and rituals that exist. The official caste system may be illegal, but a strong hierarchical structure, based upon job title, still exists in business. The Role of a Manager In India managers may take a somewhat paternalistic attitude to their employees. They may demonstrate a concern for employees that goes beyond the workplace. This may include involvement in their family, housing, health, and other practical life issues. It is the supervisors job to regularly check on the work of a subordinate and to provide regular constructive feedback. This may include monitoring work quality and the timing of its completion. Approach to Change Indias intercultural adaptability and readiness for change is developing all the time. India is seen to have a medium tolerance for change and risk. It is important for innovations to have a track record or history noting the benefits if they are to be accepted and implemented. Failure in India causes a long-term loss of confidence by the individual as well as by others. Because of this attitude, intercultural sensitivity is going to be required, especially when conducting group meetings and discussing contributions made my participating individuals. Approach to Time and Priorities Indians are generally quite careful about time guidelines in business situations where schedules and deadlines are regarded seriously. In addition, however, Indian society is concerned with relationships so there may be instances where there is some flexibility to strict standards of adhering to schedules. When working with people from India, its advisable to reinforce the importance of the agreed-upon deadlines and how that may affect the rest of the organization. Successful cross cultural management will depend on the individuals ability to meet deadlines. Global and intercultural expansion means that some managers may have a greater appreciation of the need to enforce timescales and as such, agreed deadlines are more likely to be met. Decision Making The culture in India is very relationship and group-oriented, so a strong emphasis is placed on maintaining harmony and proper lines of authority in the workplace. Some Indians, however, are extremely direct, in which case you can deal with them in the same way. The manager makes decisions and accepts responsibility for work performed by subordinates. The middle manager may consult with subordinates before reaching a decision, although it is more likely that he will confer with trusted advisors or relatives. To ensure successful cross cultural management, you will need to bear in mind the importance of people in the office maintaining the proper behavior relative to their position. For instance, it would be inappropriate for a manager to make copies or move a piece of furniture because these are tasks that lower level people do. To engage in behavior beneath you would lower your esteem in the office. Boss or Team Player? If you are working in India, it is important to remember that honor and reputation play an important role. The risk becomes amplified in a team or collaborative setting. When meeting together and moderating ideas, intercultural sensitivity is necessary. It is important to qualify ideas that are raised in a gentle manner, protecting the reputation of those bringing up ideas, so no one is shamed. Communication and Negotiation Styles Cross cultural management will be more effective if you understand the importance of personal relationships. They are crucial to conducting business and are based on respect and trust. It takes time to develop a comfortable working relationship and you will need patience and perseverance. Indians are non-confrontational. It is rare for them to overtly disagree, although this is beginning to change in the managerial ranks. Decisions are reached by the person with the most authority but reaching that decision can be a slow process. Never appear over legalistic in negotiations; in general Indians do not trust the legal system and someones word is sufficient to reach an agreement. Successful negotiations may be celebrated over a meal.

Dreams Essay -- Essays Papers

Dreams Are dreams just the interpretation of the human unconcious mind? Do the dreams humans have represent unfulfilled wishes in there unconcious mind? Are feelings of de ja vue just those unconcious thoughts coming out in dreams and as such being thought of as all ready living that specific moment? All good questions that have plauged pyschologist since the age of Freud. Dreams have been seen in different ways by many different people. Some say that there are signs in dreams that point toward things that my happen in life such as omens. Other psychologist such as Freud say that dreams are just representations of our uncoucious minds at work. The world renowned psycologist also goes on to say, "Dreams are just unfulfilled wishes in our minds that come out in our dreams also known as our inhibitions (Freud 12). Dreams are so vast and come in so many forms, but the more they are studied they all point to Freuds view on the uncocious mind just trying to get out. Dreams occur when a person is just barely sleeping. Thier are five stages to sleep, the first being fully awake, the second stage which is barely asleep is where the dreams occur. At this stage in sleep people have what is called REM. REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement which means the eyes are moving at a fast pace. When observed on an electrode machine the subject has a lot of alpha movement in the brain(Lefton 123). Alpha waves represent a large firing of nuerons in the brain. This indicates that thoughts are being processed. Durring the last stage of sleep the person shows delta waves occupy the movement in the brain(Lefton 123). Delta waves are long drawn out waves with a slow increase and a slow decrease in the peak. This means that the brain is only conducting i... ...nclusions out of. The first dream dealt with the want to win a championship in soccer. The conclusions that I drew from the dream was that she was a motivated person who plays soccer, but having never won a state championship caused her do have the dream to fulfill her need to win a championship. However the second dream dealt with marriage. This dream was a little harder to put a finger on. The dream vary vivid and even included a few descriptions of people there. To me the dream was just easing her desire to get married at this point in life. This was an unconcious wish she had in her mind. When I asked her about marriage she replied, "I havent talked about it with any one but a couple of days ago I was thinking about it." Ozimok then went on to say" I cant believe how accurate the dream was in comparison to what I was thinking about only a few days ago (Ozimok)."

Achilles vs Hector Essay

In the story the Iliad, there are two main characters Achilles and Hector, who both are incredible warriors. Achilles is the leader of the Myrmidon soldiers, and he fights for the Greeks. Hector is the son of Kind Priam and he fights for the Trojans. Both of these characters are said to be the strongest and greatest warriors of each of their armies. Both Achilles and Hector have many different heroic characteristics that are the similar and that are very diverse. Achilles and Hector both share a similar glory of war and that love is a driving force and both of them have different views that set them apart which are military glory over family life and both of their overall hero characteristics which differ significantly. The differences between Achilles and Hector are very unique in the since that Achilles is basically the exact opposite of Hector. Hector believes that family comes first, after each battle he will come home and spend time with his wife and children instead of getting congratulated by his people. Achilles only cares about gaining glory that will last forever, since he knows that he will live a short life by continuing with his actions. But he finally chooses to live a short life so that his name will be remembered forever. When Achilles loses Briseis, he chooses not to fight with the Greeks even though this war is incredibly important to his people of Phthia and Greece. Achilles shows absolutely no support for Greece and doesn’t care about whether they win this war or not. Achilles begins to act very immature in the since that his fellow Greeks are dying and his soldiers around him want to fight but he chooses not to fight. When Petroclus dies, Achilles is full of absolute rage wanting retaliation for losing him. Achilles goes to Troy to fight Hector, and not only does Achilles kill Hector but he defiles and insults all of Troy by taking Hectors body and dragging his body back with him and leaving it to rot on the beach. Achilles is a very egoistic arrogant person who is only concerned with things that will benefit him and by killing Hector the way he did shows absolute disrespect. Achilles says to Hector before he dies, â€Å"My fury would drive me now to hack your flesh away and eat you raw-such agonies you have caused me† (409-411). This proves that Achilles was so mad that he believed the only way to kill him was the way he did. Furthermore, the similarities between Achilles and Hector are their strength and the fact that both of them are incredible warriors. Achilles is half god and half human which give him his extraordinary strength. Both of them possess a bravery that only exists in true heroes. Achilles and Hector are natural born leaders who all of their soldiers would happily end their life to save their leaders. Hector has an inconceivable amount of love for his country. He is willing to end his life to save the people of Troy. Hector knows that this war was started by his younger brother Paris’ juvenile decision to take Helen from Agamenmon. But instead of scolding his brother, Hector encourages him to fight for his country and his new wife. Hector says to Paris, â€Å"Look, your people dying around the city, the steep walls, dying in arms-and all for you† (251-253). Hector loves Paris because he is his brother and wants to help him let their people know that their prince is willing to fight with them. Throughout the Illiad both Achilles and Hector show that they are both natural born leaders and warriors. They both believe that glory in war and love is a driving force. Also both Achilles and Hector have many differences but mostly are shown in the fact that military glory is more important to Achilles than Hector’s strong family life.

Introduction to Astronomy

AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final Exam (12/21/2007) Instructions A. B. Answer ALL questions on your Opscan, using a #2 pencil. Make sure to include your NAME and STUDENT ID. The computer identifies you by your student ID; do not forget to include it. C. D. E. Do NOT mark your date of birth. The exam is CLOSED BOOK. You should not use any books or notes. Time: 2 HOURS and 30 MINUTES. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is the ultimate fate of an isolated pulsar? A) As gravity overwhelms the neutron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a supernova. B) It will spin ever faster, becoming a millisecond pulsar. C) The neutron degeneracy pressure will eventually overwhelm gravity and the pulsar will slowly evaporate. D) As gravity overwhelms the neutron degeneracy pressure, it will become a white dwarf. E) It will slow down, the magnetic field will weaken, and it will become invisible. 2) Which of the following statements about globular clusters is false? A) Globular cluster stars are very metal-poor relative to the Sun. B) Globular cluster stars are more than 12 billion years old. C) Globular clusters are distributed spherically around the Milky Way. D) Globular clusters contain many thousands of stars. E) Globular cluster ages increase with distance from the Milky Way. 3) Which of the following characteristics of stars has the greatest range in values? A) mass B) core temperature C) radius D) surface temperature E) luminosity 4) Which statement best describes the solar neutrino problem? A) Solar neutrinos have been detected, but in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models. B) No one understands how it can be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. C) Our current understanding of fusion in the Sun suggests that all neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at the earth, yet neutrinos are being detected. D) Theoretical models predict that neutrinos should be produced in the Sun, but no neutrinos have ever been observed to be coming from the Sun. 1 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Refer to this scenario for the following questions: Final Lost in Spacetime. Just when you thought it was safe to take final exams . . . vindictive multi-dimensional being reaches down (up? over? through? ) to Earth and pulls you out of the universe. You are thrown back into the universe at a place of this being's choosing, and she permits you to leave only after you have identified your surroundings. You are subject to several of these tests. Through a scientifically unexplainable miracle, you are able to survive in every one of the places you are tested. (Le st you become too comfortable, however, you certainly are able to feel any associated pain due to high temperature, pressure, gravity, etc. In each case described below, identify your surroundings. In some cases, the surroundings described may exist only during eras of the universe (past or future) other than our own time; in those cases, you should identify both the place and the time where you are located. 5) It sure is bright everywhere; you've been able to travel around a bit, and it's clear that you are not in a star. Yet it is as bright as looking directly at the Sun. In your extensive travels through your current surroundings, you cannot find a single neutral atom anywhere, nor can you find a nucleus besides hydrogen or helium. And, while it is hot (a few thousand degrees Kelvin), it is nowhere near the temperature needed for nuclear fusion. Where are you? A) You are in the central regions of a quasar. B) You are in the universe more than 10100 years in the future. C) You are in the universe during its first 300,000 years. D) You are in an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. E) You are where the Sun should be located, but about 5 billion years from now. 6) At last you are in a place where the heat and high density are no longer bothering you. However, although the density is very low, the gas around you is extremely high in temperature. In fact, the temperature is so high that it is emitting lots of X rays, which are creating cancer-causing mutations in your body at a rapid rate. Well, at least the view is great! There are no stars anywhere within about 10,000 light-years of you, but at slightly greater distances your sky is brightened by many beautiful, star-filled structures, some with majestic spiral shapes. Where are you? A) You are somewhere between the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies in the Local Group. B) You are in intergalactic space within a rich cluster of thousands of galaxies. C) You are in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, looking outward into the Local Group. D) You are in the outskirts of a galaxy whose nucleus is a powerful quasar. E) You are in the universe when it was about 200 million years old, just before galaxies began forming. 7) You are once again in a hot, dense place. You are surrounded by protons and neutrons, some rapidly fusing into helium. You notice that your surroundings are cooling (good, because it's really hot! ) and rapidly dropping in density. Within about 3 minutes, the fusion reactions stop. Where are you? A) You are in the center of a star much smaller than the Sun. B) You are inside a nuclear power plant on Earth. C) You are in the early universe during the era of nucleosynthesis. D) You are in the center of a massive star near the end of its life. E) You are in the center of a star very much like our Sun. 2 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 8) Talk about cold, dark, and empty! As far as you look around you, there seems to be nothing at all. Even the nearest electron is light-years away. And, no matter how far you travel, you can find no solid matter, not even a single proton. You do, however, detect a few strong gravitational fields—probably due to black holes—at enormous distances away from you. Where are you? A) You are where the Sun should be located, but about 5 billion years from now. B) You are in the central regions of a quasar. C) You are in the outskirts of a young cluster of galaxies. D) You are in the universe when it is over about 1040 years old. 9) The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the solar core about A) a thousand years ago. B) a hundred years ago. C) ten years ago. D) one year ago. E) a million years ago. 10) From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation? A) gamma rays, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, radio B) visible light, infrared, X rays, ultraviolet, gamma rays, radio C) radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays D) infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays, radio E) radio, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays 11) What is a possible solution to the solar neutrino problem? A) Not all fusion reactions create electron neutrinos. B) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. C) The Sun is generating energy other than by nuclear fusion. D) The electron neutrinos created in the Sun change into another type of neutrino. E) We do not know how to detect electron neutrinos. 12) Newton's second law of motion tells us that the net force applied to an object equals its A) momentum times velocity. B) mass times velocity. C) energy times acceleration. D) mass times energy. E) mass times acceleration. 13) What happens when the gravity of a massive star is able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure? A) The star explodes violently, leaving nothing behind. B) The core contracts and becomes a black hole. C) The core contracts and becomes a white dwarf. D) The core contracts and becomes a ball of neutrons. E) Gravity is not able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure. 3 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 14) Radiative energy is A) heat energy. B) energy used in home radiators. C) energy of motion. D) energy from nuclear power plants. E) energy carried by light. 15) Most large galaxies in the universe are A) lenticular. B) irregular. 16) Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies are A) redder and rounder. B) bluer and rounder. C) bluer and flattened. D) redder and flattened. E) always much smaller. 17) Approximately how long does it take the Sun to orbit the Milky Way Galaxy? A) 23,000 years B) 23 billion years C) 230,000 years D) 2. 3 million years E) 230 million years 18) Approximately how many stars does a dwarf elliptical galaxy have? A) less than a billion B) 10 billion C) 100 billion D) 1 trillion E) less than a million Final C) spiral. D) elliptical. 19) What is the ultimate fate of an isolated white dwarf? A) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a supernova. B) The electron degeneracy pressure will eventually overwhelm gravity and the white dwarf will slowly evaporate. C) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will become a neutron star. D) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a nova. E) It will cool down and become a cold black dwarf. 20) What evidence supports the theory that elliptical galaxies come from denser clouds? A) Elliptical galaxies have denser stars than spiral galaxies. B) Elliptical galaxies at high redshifts lack young, blue stars. C) Elliptical galaxies have more gas than spiral galaxies. D) Elliptical galaxies are generally larger than spiral galaxies. E) Elliptical galaxies are denser than spiral galaxies. 21) Which of the following types of galaxies are most spherical in shape? A) lenticulars B) spirals C) irregulars D) ellipticals 4 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 22) Roughly how many stars are in the Milky Way Galaxy? A) 1 billion B) 100 trillion C) 100 million 23) White dwarfs are so called because A) it amplifies the contrast with red giants. B) they are both very hot and very small. C) they are supported by electron degeneracy pressure. D) they are the end-products of small, low-mass stars. E) they are the opposite of black holes. 24) Which of the following is evidence for supermassive black holes in active galaxies? A) quasars emit approximately equal power at all wavelengths from infrared to gamma rays B) rapid changes in the luminosity of the galaxy nucleus C) very high speed orbital motions around galactic nuclei D) the discovery of powerful jets coming from a compact core E) all of the above 25) What happens to the surface temperature and luminosity when a protostar radiatively contracts? A) Its surface temperature remains the same and its luminosity decreases. B) Its surface temperature and luminosity remain the same. C) Its surface temperature decreases and its luminosity increases. D) Its surface temperature and luminosity decrease. E) Its surface temperature and luminosity increase. D) 100 billion Final E) 10 billion An advanced civilization lives on a planet orbiting a close binary star system that consists of a 15MSun red giant and a 10MSun black hole. Assume that the two stars are quite close together, so that an accretion disk surrounds the black hole. The planet on which the civilization lives orbits the binary star at a distance of 10 AU. 26) Sometime within the next million years or so, their planet is likely to be doomed because A) jets of material shot out of the accretion disk will shoot down their planet. B) tidal forces from the black hole will rip the planet apart. C) the red giant will probably undergo a supernova explosion within the next million years. D) their planet receives most of its energy from the red giant. However, this star will soon be completely devoured in the accretion disk and thus will no longer exist. E) the planet's orbit gradually will decay as it is sucked in by the black hole. 27) Through a bizarre (and scientifically unexplainable) fluctuation in the spacetime continuum, a copy of a book titled Iguoonos: How We Evolved appears on your desk. As you begin to read, you learn that the book describes the evolution of the people living in the star system described above. In the first chapter, you learn that these people evolved from organisms that lived 5 billion years ago. Which of the following statements should you expect to find as you continue to read this book? A) As a result of traumatic experiences of their evolutionary ancestors, they dislike television. B) They believe that the presence of two stars in their system was critical to their evolution. C) Their immediate ancestors were chimpanzees. D) They evolved from primitive wormlike creatures that had 13 legs, 4 eyes, and bald heads, thus explaining why such critters are now considered a spectacular delicacy. E) They evolved on a different planet in a different star system and moved to their current location. 5 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final The following questions refer to the H-R diagram below that shows the life track of a 1-solar-mass star, with various stages labeled with Roman numerals. Figure 17. 1 28) Which stage lasts the longest? A) viii B) i C) iv D) iii E) vi 29) In the end, the remaining core of this star will be left behind as A) a supernova. B) a white dwarf made primarily of carbon and oxygen. C) a white dwarf made primarily of silicon and iron. D) a neutron star. E) a black hole. 30) What is the Sun mainly made of? A) hydrogen and oxygen B) oxygen and carbon C) hydrogen and helium D) carbon and nitrogen E) nearly equal portions of all the elements 31) Which of the following comprise the oldest members of the Milky Way? A) red giant stars in spiral arms B) globular clusters C) Cepheid variables D) the Sun and other solar mass stars E) O stars 32) The wavelength of a wave is A) equal to the speed of the wave times the wave's frequency. B) the distance between a peak of the wave and the next trough. C) the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave. D) how strong the wave is. E) the distance between where the wave is emitted and where it is absorbed. 33) What is the name given to 2H? A) deuterium B) helium C) hydrogen D) tritium 6 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 34) Approximately how fast are you moving with the rotation of the earth around its axis? A) 130 km/hr B) 1,300 km/hr C) 13,000 km/hr D) 13 km/hr Final 35) What do astronomers mean by light pollution? A) Light pollution refers to pollution caused by light industry as opposed to heavy industry. B) Light pollution refers to light used for human activities that brightens the sky and hinders astronomical observations. C) Light pollution refers to harmful gases emitted by common street lights. D) Light pollution is another name for sunlight, which makes it impossible to see stars in the daytime. E) Light pollution refers to the lights that must be used inside major observatories and that make it difficult for astronomers' eyes to adapt to darkness. 36) What evidence supports the galactic fountain model? A) We see a jet of ionized gas shooting out of the bulge of our galaxy. B) We have mapped several spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy. C) We have observed a lot of water molecules in the interstellar medium. D) We see hot gas above the disk of the galaxy and cool gas that appears to be raining down from the halo. E) We have no evidence yet for the galactic fountain model. 37) How do we know what happens at the event horizon of a black hole? A) Astronomers have analyzed the light from matter within the event horizon of many black holes. B) Astronomers have detected X rays from accretion disks around black holes. C) Astronomers have sent spacecraft through the event horizon of a nearby black hole. D) Physicists have created miniature black holes in the lab. E) We don't know for sure: we only know what to expect based on the predictions of general relativity. 38) What is a central dominant galaxy? A) a giant spiral galaxy that exerts large tidal forces on other nearby galaxies B) a galaxy around which many other smaller galaxies orbit C) a hypothesized galaxy type that no longer exists but once dominated the structure of the universe D) a spiral galaxy from which many smaller galaxies form when it is stripped apart by tidal forces E) a giant elliptical galaxy at the center of a dense cluster 39) The study of energy levels in atoms is called A) particle physics. B) quantum mechanics. C) classical mechanics. D) general relativity. E) special relativity. 7 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 40) Why did the era of nuclei end when the universe was about 300,000 years old? A) All the free particles had combined to form the nuclei of atoms. B) Neutrinos and electrons were finally able to escape the plasma of the early universe and no longer heated the other particles. C) Photons were finally able to escape the plasma of the early universe and no longer heated the hydrogen and helium ions. D) The universe had expanded and cooled to a temperature of about 3,000 K, cool enough for stable, neutral atoms to form. E) No theory can explain this. 41) What causes the radio pulses of a pulsar? A) A black hole near the star absorbs energy and re-emits it as radio waves. B) The star vibrates. C) The star undergoes periodic explosions of nuclear fusion that generate radio emission. D) The star's orbiting companion periodically eclipses the radio waves emitted by the main pulsar. E) As the star spins, beams of radio radiation sweep through space. If one of the beams crosses the earth, we observe a pulse. 2) If we represent the Milky Way Galaxy as the size of a grapefruit (10-cm diameter), the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy would be about A) 3 m. B) 100 km. C) 1 km. D) 10 cm. E) 30 m. 43) About where is our solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy? A) at the center of the galaxy B) about two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic d isk C) about 10 percent of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk D) near the far outskirts of the galactic disk E) in the halo of the galaxy above the galactic disk 44) What is an astronomical unit? A) any basic unit used in astronomy B) the average speed of the earth around the Sun C) the diameter of the earth's orbit around the Sun D) the average distance from the earth to the Sun E) the length of time it takes the earth to revolve around the Sun 45) How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets? A) It varied the motion of the celestial sphere so that it sometimes moved backward. B) It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the Sun. C) It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the earth. D) It held that sometimes the planets moved backward along their circular orbits. E) It placed the Sun at the center so that the planets' apparent retrograde motion was seen as the earth passed each one in its orbit. 46) What is meant by spectral resolution? A) It is the same as angular resolution when applied to telescopes operating at different wavelengths. B) It is a measure of how close two point sources can be distinguished. C) It is a measure of how much energy an object emits in different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. D) It is a measure of how close two spectral lines can be distinguished. 8 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 47) The tides on Earth are an example of A) Newton's third law of motion. B) Newton's second law of motion. C) Newton's first law of motion. D) the universal law of gravitation. E) none of the above 48) What might be causing the universe to accelerate? A) WIMPs B) dark gravity C) we don't know! —it's a subject of continuing research D) MACHOs E) white-dwarf supernovae Final 49) White-dwarf supernovae are good standard candles for distance measurements for all the following reasons except which? A) All white-dwarf supernovae involve the explosion of stars of nearly the same mass. B) White-dwarf supernovae occur only among young and extremely bright stars. C) White-dwarf supernovae are common enough that we detect several every year. D) All white-dwarf supernovae have similar light curves, which makes them easy to distinguish from massive-star supernovae. E) White-dwarf supernovae are so bright that they can be detected even in very distant galaxies. 50) What do we mean by the singularity of a black hole? A) It is the center of the black hole, a place of infinite density where the known laws of physics cannot describe the conditions. B) An object can become a black hole only once, and a black hole cannot evolve into anything else. C) There are no binary black holes? each one is isolated. D) It is the â€Å"point of no return† of the black hole; anything closer than this point will not be able to escape the gravitational force of the black hole. E) It is the edge of the black hole, where one could leave the observable universe. 51) Which of the following is an example in which you are traveling at constant speed but not at constant velocity? A) driving around in a circle at exactly 100 km/hr B) rolling freely down a hill in a cart, traveling in a straight line C) jumping up and down, with a period of exactly 60 hops per minute D) driving backward at exactly 50 km/hr E) none of the above 52) What is a superbubble? A) the region of space cleared by a powerful supernova B) a very low-density region of interstellar space, formed by the merger of several bubbles C) a very high-density region of interstellar space, filled with gas ejected from nearby star systems D) a bubble so large that it fills much of the galactic halo E) a cloud of gas that can form a million or more stars AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 53) No stars have been found with masses greater than 100 times our Sun because A) they would fragment into binary stars because of their rapid rotation. B) molecular clouds do not have enough material to form such massive stars. C) they would generate so much power that they would blow themselves apart. D) they are no t bright enough to be seen nearby. E) they shine exclusively at X-ray wavelengths and become difficult to detect. 54) All of the following are involved in carrying energy outward from a star's core except A) conduction. B) radiative diffusion. C) neutrinos. D) convection. 55) In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do the biggest telescopes on Earth operate? A) ultraviolet B) radio C) infrared D) X-ray E) visible 56) Which is the strongest of the fundamental forces in the universe? A) weak force B) electromagnetic force C) strong force D) gravitational force E) none of the above 57) The path that led to modern science emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world? A) China B) North America C) Southern Asia D) the Mediterranean and the Middle East E) Central and South America Final 58) Most of the energy produced in the Sun is released in the form of visible light from the photosphere. However, some energy is released from the upper layers of the solar atmosphere. Which of the following best describes where other forms of light are released? A) The convection zone is the source of ultraviolet light, and the upper photosphere is the source of X rays. B) The chromosphere is the source of infrared light, and the corona is the source of ultraviolet light. C) The chromosphere is the source of X rays, and the corona is the source of radio waves. D) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light, and the corona is the source of X rays. 59) How did Edwin Hubble measure the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy? A) He applied the period-luminosity relation to Cepheid variables. B) He used white dwarf supernovae. C) He deduced it from its redshift. D) He used main-sequence fitting. E) He measured its parallax. 10 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 60) Dr. Smith believes that the Hubble constant is H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc. Dr. Jones believes it is H0 = 50 Final km/s/Mpc. Which statement below automatically follows? A) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is younger than Dr. Jones believes. B) Dr. Smith believes that the Andromeda Galaxy (a member of our Local Group) is moving away from us at a faster speed than Dr. Jones believes. C) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is expanding, but Dr. Jones does not. D) Dr. Smith believes that the universe will someday stop expanding, while Dr. Jones believes it will expand forever. E) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is older than Dr. Jones believes. 61) What is an artificial star? A) a meteor B) the unseen member of a binary star system C) a satellite orbiting the earth D) a point of light in the earth's atmosphere created by a laser for the purpose of monitoring atmospheric fluctuations E) a possible source of dark matter in the universe 62) When we see X rays from an accretion disk in a binary system, we can't immediately tell whether the accretion disk surrounds a neutron star or a black hole. Suppose we then observe each of the following phenomena in this system. Which one would force us to immediately rule out the possibility of a black hole? A) bright X-ray emission that varies on a time scale of a few hours B) spectral lines from the companion star that alternately shift to shorter and longer wavelengths C) visible and ultraviolet light from the companion star D) sudden, intense X-ray bursts 63) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would we find white dwarfs? A) upper left B) lower right C) lower left D) upper right 64) On a cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is compressed into 1 year, when did Kepler and Galileo first discover that we live on a planet in a solar system? A) 1 second ago B) December 30 C) 1 week ago D) December 25 E) 1 day ago 65) Why does the Big Bang theory predict that the cosmic background radiation should have a perfect thermal radiation spectrum? A) It doesn't predict that the cosmic background radiation should have a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. B) The spectrum of 75 percent hydrogen and 25 percent helium is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. C) The light from all the stars and gas in the sky averaged over the entire universe is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. D) The spectrum of pure hydrogen is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. E) The background radiation came from the heat of the universe, with a peak corresponding to the temperature of the universe. 11 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 66) If a material is transparent, then it A) scatters light well. B) emits light well. C) transmits light well. D) absorbs light well. E) reflects light well. 67) He discovered what we now call Newton's first law of motion. A) Ptolemy B) Galileo C) Tycho Brahe 68) Where was the Sun in Ptolemy's model of the universe? A) slightly offset from the center B) between the earth and the Moon's orbit C) at the outer edge, beyond Saturn's orbit D) between the orbits of Venus and Mars E) at the center Final D) Kepler E) Copernicus 69) Why do we expect the cosmic background radiation to be almost, but not quite, the same in all directions? A) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but the universe must have contained some regions of higher density in order for galaxies to form. B) The temperature of the universe can be found by taking an average over the entire sky, but individual stars will create peaks in the spectrum over small angles. C) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but the synthesis of different elements produces varying signatures within the background spectrum. D) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but intervening gas between us and the era of nuclei absorbs wavelengths depending on the composition and redshift of the gas. E) Dark matter consisting of WIMPs greatly smooths out the spectrum, but the small patches of â€Å"light† matter create peaks in the spectrum. 70) A star of spectral type O lives approximately how long on the main sequence? A) 10,000 years B) 1 million years C) 1,000 years D) 1 billion years E) 100 million years 71) If you wanted to observe a molecular cloud, in which of the ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum would you most likely observe? (There are additional possibilities. ) A) infrared B) gamma-ray C) X-ray D) ultraviolet E) visible 72) How do we learn about what is going on in the center of our own galaxy (the Milky Way)? A) We cannot see the galactic center with visible or ultraviolet light, but radio and X rays from the center can be detected. B) The gas and dust in the Milky Way prevent any type of direct observation of the galactic center, but theoretical models allow us to predict what is happening there. C) We have learned it only recently, thanks to the great photographs obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. D) We must look at the centers of other galaxies and hope that ours is just like others. 12 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 73) The age of the universe is A) between 100 billion and 160 billion years. B) between 100 million and 160 million years. C) between 1 billion and 1. 6 billion years. D) between 10 billion and 16 billion years. E) between 10 million and 16 million years. Final 74) Which forces have physicists shown to be the same force under conditions of very high temperature or energy, as confirmed by experiments in particle accelerators? A) the strong and electromagnetic forces B) the electromagnetic and weak forces C) gravity and the strong force D) the strong and weak forces E) gravity and the weak force 75) Cluster ages can be determined from A) main sequence fitting. B) pulsating variable stars. C) visual binaries. D) main sequence turnoff. E) spectroscopic binaries. 6) The spectral sequence sorts stars according to A) radius. B) mass. C) luminosity. D) surface temperature. E) core temperature. 77) Why wasn't the intracluster medium in galaxy clusters discovered until the 1970s? A) The medium emits X rays, which are blocked by the earth's atmosphere and require X-ray satellites in space in order to be observed. B) We didn't have the resolution to observe ga laxy clusters until then. C) We did not know how much dark matter existed before then. D) Radiation emitted by the medium was so dim that we couldn't detect it until we built much larger telescopes. E) The Milky Way was blocking our view of distant galaxy clusters. 78) The most active galactic nuclei are usually found at large distances from us; relatively few nearby galaxies have active galactic nuclei. What does this imply? A) Active galactic nuclei tend to become less active as they age. B) Active galactic nuclei can form only at large distances from the Milky Way. C) The jets seen in many active galactic nuclei must cause them to move far away from us. D) Massive black holes existed only when the universe was young and no longer exist today. 13 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 9) Which of the following is an example of baryonic matter? A) neutrinos B) you C) mesons produced by physicists in particle accelerators D) electrons and positrons produced by pair production E) WIMPs Final 80) How can we see through the interstellar medium? A) by using only the biggest telescopes B) by observing only the brightest visible sources C) by using telescopes above the earth's atmosphere D) by observing in high-energy wavelengths such as X rays and long wavelengths of light such as radio waves E) We cannot see through the interstellar medium. 1) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that have the greatest mass? A) upper right B) lower left C) lower right D) upper left 82) What is nuclear fusion? A) an explosion caused by putting together two volatile chemicals B) a process that only occurs in bombs C) the process of splitting nuclei to produce energy D) the process of combining lightweight nuclei to make heavier nuclei E) the process of turning matter into pure energy 83) He developed a system for predicting planetary positions that remained in use for some 1,500 years. A) Copernicus B) Tycho Brahe C) Kepler D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 84) What causes stars to twinkle? A) variable absorption by interstellar gas along the line of sight to the star B) the inability of the human eye to see faint objects C) bending of light rays by turbulent layers in the atmosphere D) variations in the absorption of the atmosphere E) It is intrinsic to the stars—their brightness varies as they expand and contract. 5) The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that the earth and other planets orbit the Sun. A) Copernicus B) Kepler C) Tycho Brahe D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 86) What is a typical mass-to-light ratio for the inner region of a spiral galaxy, in units of solar masses per solar luminosity? A) 6 B) 0. 1 C) 1,000 D) 600 E) 100 14 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 87) In the formula E = mc2, what does E represent? A) the mass-energy, or potential energy stored in an object's mass B) the radiative energy carried by light C) the electric charge of the object D) the kinetic energy of a moving object E) the gravitational potential energy of an object held above the ground The following questions refer to the sketch below of an H-R diagram for a star cluster. Figure 17. 2 Final 88) Based on its main-sequence turnoff point, the age of this cluster is A) about 10 billion years. B) less than 1 billion years. C) more than 15 billion years. D) about 2 billion years. E) about 1 billion years. 9) What percentage of a molecular cloud's mass is interstellar dust? A) 1% B) 28% C) 50% D) 12% E) 1-50%, depending on the mass of the molecular cloud 90) Which of the following correctly states the luminosity-distance formula? luminosity A) distance = 4? ? (apparent brightness)2 B) apparent brightness = luminosity ? 4? ? (distance)2 apparent brightness C) luminosity = 4? ? (distance)2 D) apparent brightness = lumin osity 4? ? (distance)2 15 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 91) Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy by A) looking at the shape of the â€Å"milky band† across he sky. B) mapping the distribution of globular clusters in the galaxy. C) mapping the distribution of stars in the galaxy. D) looking at other nearby spiral galaxies. E) mapping the distribution of gas clouds in the spiral arms. 92) Which of the following statements about stages of nuclear burning (i. e. , first-stage hydrogen burning, second-stage helium burning, etc. ) in a massive star is not true? A) Each successive stage creates an element with a higher atomic weight. B) As each stage ends, the core shrinks further. C) Each successive stage of fusion requires higher temperatures than the previous stages. D) Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same amount of time. Final 93) Which of the following is not true of quasars? A) Some quasars are more than a thousand times more luminous than the Milky Way. B) Some quasars can change their brightness every few hours. C) Quasars are powered by the energy radiated by matter falling into a central black hole. D) Quasars are powered by the intense production of large numbers of stars that can only be sustained for a relatively short time. E) Quasars were more common in the past. 94) How does the spectrum of a molecule differ from the spectrum of an atom? A) Molecules only have spectral lines at ultraviolet wavelengths. B) Most atoms only have spectral lines at infrared wavelengths. C) A molecule does not have spectral lines due to electrons changing energy levels. D) A molecule has additional spectral lines due to changes in its rotational and vibrational energies. E) An atom has a wider range of spectral lines than molecules. 95) We can learn a lot about the properties of a star by studying its spectrum. All of the following statements are true except one. Which one? A) We can identify chemical elements present in the star by recognizing patterns of spectral lines that correspond to particular chemicals. B) We can look at Doppler shifts of spectral lines to determine the star's speed toward or away from us. C) The total amount of light in the spectrum tells us the star's radius. D) The peak of the star's thermal emission tells us its temperature: Hotter stars peak at shorter (bluer) wavelengths. 96) Where does the energy come from that your body uses to keep you alive? A) It is produced from the radiative energy of the Sun on your skin. B) It comes from the foods you eat. C) It is created during the time that you rest or sleep. D) It is in the air that you breathe. E) It comes from the water you drink. 16 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 97) Which of the following statements best describes the two principal advantages of telescopes over eyes? A) Telescopes have much more magnification and better angular resolution. B) Telescopes can collect far more light with far better angular resolution. C) Telescopes can collect far more light with far greater magnification. D) Telescopes collect more light and are unaffected by twinkling. E) Telescopes can see farther without image distortion and can record more accurate colors. 98) According to the universal law of gravitation, if you triple the distance between two objects, then the gravitational force between them will A) decrease by a factor of 9. B) decrease by a factor of 6. C) decrease by a factor of 3. D) increase by a factor of 3. E) increase by a factor of 9. 99) Degeneracy pressure is the source of the pressure that stops the crush of gravity in all the following except A) a neutron star. B) a brown dwarf. C) the central core of the Sun after hydrogen fusion ceases but before helium fusion begins. D) a very massive main-sequence star. E) a white dwarf. 100) Which of the following is not a conserved quantity? A) momentum C) energy B) angular momentum D) radiation 17 Answer Key Testname: FINAL_071212 1) E 2) E 3) E 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) D 9) E 10) C 11) D 12) E 13) B 14) E 15) C 16) A 17) E 18) A 19) E 20) B 21) D 22) D 23) B 24) E 25) E 26) C 27) E 28) D 29) B 30) C 31) B 32) C 33) A 34) B 35) B 36) D 37) E 38) E 39) B 0) D 41) E 42) A 43) B 44) D 45) C 46) D 47) D 48) C 18 Answer Key Testname: FINAL_071212 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) 70) 71) 72) 73) 74) 75) 76) 77) 78) 79) 80) 81) 82) 83) 84) 85) 86) 87) 88) 89) 90) 91) 92) 93) 94) 95) 96) B A A B C A B C D D A A D D C A E C B D A B A A D B D D A A B D D D E C A A A A A D B D D D C B 19 Answer Key Testname: FINAL_071212 97) B 98) A 99) D 100) D 20